Properties and isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus

Plumb, R. T.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1974.tb01393.x

Cited by 50 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, of the sample of 80 flag leaves collected from plot 70 and tested serologically on 14 June two gave a positive reaction in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests. The positive reactions were given only in the test with the antiserum to strain B, which is a severe strain, most efficiently transmitted by Rhopalosiphum padi (Plumb, 1974 between the serological tests and symptoms is not unexpected as BYDV symptoms in wheat are often poorly expressed. Only 0-1% of the large population of M. dirhodum transmitted virus and, despite their number, this species was unimportant in spreading BYDV.…”

Section: Barley Yellow Dwarf Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of eight factors on the growth and nutrient uptake of winter wheat and on the incidence of pests and diseases

et al. 1983

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A multifactorial experiment sown to winter wheat cv. Hustler in autumn 1978 tested the effects of combinations of the following eight factors, each at two levels: drill type, sowing date, amount of nitrogen, division of nitrogen, irrigation, autumn pesticide (aldicarb), summer aphicide (pirimicarb), and fungicide (carbendazim, maneb and tridemorph).The mean grain yield of all plots was 9-7 t/ha and the best eight-plot treatment mean was 11-3 t/ha. The factors that had the greatest effect on yield were aphicide and fungicide, mainly from the control of Metopolophium dirhodum and Septoria spp. respectively. Both factors increased grain size and their effects were more than additive and greater with 250 than with 160 kg N/ha. Aphicide and fungicide also temporarily decreased the numbers of microbes on the developing ears. Autumn pesticide gave good control of aphids in the winter and some control in the summer: it also decreased nematode populations and slightly increased yields.Precision sowing compared with random distribution of seeds along the row had little effect on growth or yield. Sowing on 21 September compared with 13 October greatly increased growth early in the season but had less effect after anthesis; it was the only factor that increased yield when aphicide and fungicide were applied. There was negligible infection by barley yellow dwarf virus in crops sown on either date. The amount and division of N fertilizer affected N uptake early in the season and had small effects on the production and survival of tillers. Three N applications instead of one slightly increased grain yields but did not affect total N uptake by grains plus straw, which averaged 190 kg N/ha. The larger amount of N always increased N uptake but decreased yield in the absence of aphicide and fungicide. Irrigation slightly decreased yield despite prolonging the duration of green leaf area. benefits to be expected from the components of high-input cereal-growing systems. Much research has been done on the effects of This paper describes the first of a series of various agricultural practices, including the control experiments designed to investigate the effects and of pests and diseases on yield of winter wheat. The interactions of some factors that are thought to different factors have usually been examined in limit the yield of winter wheat. Treatment effects separate experiments, resulting in little informa-on yield and the mechanisms involved were studied tion about the interactions between them. More-in order to identify likely causes of variation in over, many of the experiments used cultivars and yield between fields. The upper level of each factor agronomic practices that result in much smaller and the basal treatments were intended to give a yields than those now common. Much of the large yield from the best combination of treatments information available about modern high-yielding so that the results would be relevant to modern crops relates to packages of treatments; these agriculture (Dawson, 1980). The multi-disciplinary,...

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Section: Barley Yellow Dwarf Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of eight factors on the growth and nutrient uptake of winter wheat and on the incidence of pests and diseases

et al. 1983

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“…Some isolates of BYDV were obtained in dried leaf form (Clement et al, 1984) from W. F. Rochow, Cornell University, New York, U.S.A. and M. Eweida, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. U.K. isolates of known vector specificity B, F, M, D and G (Plumb, 1974;R. T. Plumb, personal communication) and a large number of English field isolates were obtained in infected growing plants from R. T. Plumb, Rothamsted Experimental Station (RES), Harpenden, U.K. Bean leaf roll virus (BLRV) and the lettuce strain of beet western yellows virus (BWYV) were from D. Govier, RES, Harpenden, U.K. and potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) was from R. A. C. Jones, MAFF Harpenden Laboratory, Harpenden, U.K. Polyclonal rabbit antisera used were anti-B (Plumb et aL, 1980) from M. F. Clark, East Malling Research Station, East Malling, U.K. and anti-F from Inotech Diagnostik Ltd., Switzerland.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work has suggested that isolates which cause more severe symptoms in cereals (usually B strains) are more prevalent in the south and west of England whereas those which cause mild symptoms (usually F strains) are more prevalent in the north and east (Plumb, 1974). However, changes in the prevalence of isolates are known to occur over long periods (t0 years) (Rochow, 1979;Plumb, 1974) and in 1984 there were reports of a greater incidence of isolates causing severe symptoms in cereals in the north of England (S. A. Hill, personal communication). Because the isolates cause different symptoms in their cereal hosts, it is important to be able to identify which strains are prevalent for example in grass reservoir hosts, or in vector aphids, in order to assist the forecasting of disease incidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, five groups have been identified in North America (Rochow, 1969;Johnson & Rochow, 1972); these are serologically distinct and can be distinguished readily in ELISA (Rochow & Carmichael, 1979). Three vector aphid species occur commonly in the U.K., Sitobion ( Maerosiphum) avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi and Metopolophium dirhodum, and at least two different BYDV groups have been identified (Plumb, 1974;R. T. Plumb, personal communication).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to a U.K. Isolate of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus

Torrance

Pead

Larkins

et al. 1986

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYFive rat monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for U.K. isolate B of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) have been produced and tested. The reactions of the MAbs against a range of isolates of known vector specificity from the U.K., U.S.A. and Sweden were compared and a provisional serological correlation suggested. A survey of 90 U.K. field isolates showed that they were of the same serological groupings as the typed isolates, and that the panel of MAbs could be used to characterize field isolates of BYDV. Two of the MAbs were produced in large quantities in ascitic fluids; antibody partially purified from them and conjugated to alkaline phosphatase was used successfully in direct ELISA.

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“…EastweU Golding grown in the glasshouse. Mild (F) and severe (B) isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV; Plumb, 1974) were kept in oats, cv. Blenda, and serially transferred using Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphumpadi aphids respectively, raised on virus-free oats in the glasshouse.…”

Section: Viruses and Antiseramentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Indirect ELISA using F(ab')2 Fragments of Immunoglobulin

Barbara

Clark

1982

Journal of General Virology

154

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SUMMARYAn indirect ELISA is described in which (i) virus is trapped by F(ab')2 fragments of specific IgG immobilized on a solid phase support, (ii) trapped virus is detected by intact IgG (from the same or a different antiserum) and (iii) positive reactions are identified using an enzyme conjugate specific for the Fc portion of IgG. Pepsin digestion of the Fc portion of the trapping antibody permits the use of a general purpose enzyme conjugate to discriminate between trapping and detecting antibody. Consequently, the assay requires only a single virus-specific antiserum which is often all that is available to the plant virologist. The assay was at least as sensitive for detecting small amounts of antigen as the standard double-antibody sandwich procedure and, for some viruses, two-to fourfold more sensitive. The improvement in performance resulted largely from lower and more consistent background reactions. Both assays were equally effective in revealing heterologous reactions when optimized for detecting homologous antigen. However, increased cross-reactions were obtained in the F(ab')2 procedure by the use of higher concentrations of detecting antibody. The assay is considered particularly suited for comparing antisera from different sources or of different bleeds from the same source, and for investigations involving so few tests that the effort or expense of preparing individual virus-specific conjugates is not justified.

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Properties and isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus

Cited by 50 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of eight factors on the growth and nutrient uptake of winter wheat and on the incidence of pests and diseases

Effects of eight factors on the growth and nutrient uptake of winter wheat and on the incidence of pests and diseases

Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to a U.K. Isolate of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus

A Simple Indirect ELISA using F(ab')2 Fragments of Immunoglobulin

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