Properties and Hydrolysis Behavior of Celluloses of Different Origin

Abstract

The present paper is a fundamental study on the physicochemical properties and hydrolysis behavior of cellulose samples differing in origin: bacterial, synthetic, and vegetal. Bacterial cellulose was produced by Medusomyces gisevii Sa-12 in an enzymatic hydrolyzate derived from oat-hull pulp. Synthetic cellulose was obtained from an aqueous glucose solution by electropolymerization. Plant-based cellulose was isolated by treatment of Miscanthus sacchariflorus with dilute NaOH and HNO3 solutions. We explored different properties of cellulose samples, such as chemical composition, degree of polymerization (DP), degree of crystallinity (DC), porosity, and reported infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy results. The hydrolysis behavior was most notable dependent on the origin of cellulose. For the bacterial cellulose sample (2010 DP, 90% DC, 89.4% RS yield), the major property affecting the hydrolysis behavior was its unique nanoscale reticulate structure promoting fast penetration of cellulases into the substrate structure. The study on enzymatic hydrolysis showed that the hydrolysis behavior of synthetic and Miscanthus celluloses was most influenced by the substrate properties such as DP, DC and morphological structure. The yield of reducing sugars (RS) by hydrolysis of synthetic cellulose exhibiting a 3140 DP, 80% DC, and highly depolymerization-resistant fibers was 27%. In contrast, the hydrolysis of Miscanthus-derived cellulose with a 1030 DP, 68% DC, and enzyme-accessible fibers provided the highest RS yield of 90%. The other properties examined herein (absence/presence of non-cellulosic impurities, specific surface, pore volume) had no considerable effect on the bioconversion of the cellulosic substrates.

Plant‐based Biomass/Polyvinyl Alcohol Gels for Flexible Sensors

“…Natural cellulose is a tasteless white filamentous substance with more than 40% crystallinity. [39][40] Cellulose is not only insoluble in water, dilute acid, dilute alkali and most organic solvents, but also contains a large number of hydroxyl groups, so it is difficult to uniformly disperse single nanofibers in solvents. [41] It is worth noting that alkali/urea (or thiourea) water, [42] ionic liquid [41] and other systems [43] have been developed to dissolve cellulose.…”

“…Cellulose has 8000 to 10000 glucose residues connected by β‐1,4‐glycosidic bonds. Natural cellulose is a tasteless white filamentous substance with more than 40% crystallinity [39–40] . Cellulose is not only insoluble in water, dilute acid, dilute alkali and most organic solvents, but also contains a large number of hydroxyl groups, so it is difficult to uniformly disperse single nanofibers in solvents [41] .…”

Experimental Study on the Manufacturing of Functional Paper with Modified by N-Methylmorpholine-N-oxide Surfaces

“…Cotton is distinguished not only by high values of cellulose polymerization degree but also by its content in culture of 95–97% [ 4 ]; for flax, depending on the plant part, the cellulose content reaches 92% [ 5 , 6 ]. For perennial plants, the proportion of cellulose can vary in the range of 40–50% [ 7 , 8 ].…”