Properties and green applications based review on highly efficient deep eutectic solvents

Abstract

D EEP eutectic solvents (Ionic liquids)(DESs), a new type of low cost and eco-friendly solvent, have fascinating rising interest in chemistry. To recapitulate the properties and significance of deep eutectic solvents (DESs), this review focus on characteristics of deep eutectic solvents, as well as their applications in electrochemistry, catalytic activity, biodegradability, bio-catalysis, as aromatic hydrocarbons, extraction and separation. The existing data and references are appraisal to go over the developments of DESs.

Preparation and Characterization of Biochar and Activated Carbon Derived from Cashew Bagasse Waste

“…However, the observed pH for CBAC of 6.13 ±0.03 f was slightly below neutral, showing it has some acidic property [21]. Studies have also shown that biochar modification using acid generally introduces acid functional groups onto the surface of activated carbons [4].…”

“…This also agrees with the study carried out by Ekpete and Horsfall, [8], on chemical activation of biochar from fluted pumpkin stem with (H3PO4) as activation agent, with pH value of 6.7 under similar condition. Ortho-phosphoric acid (H3PO4) has shown according to several literatures as the most effective activating agent used in the production of activated carbon with more pores, surface area and functional groups for effective coagulation and adsorption [21,22,23].…”

“…Carbonaceous materials which are inorganic, unstable, inert and amorphous in nature, are burnt off during carbonization leaving a residue called ash [21]. The ash content of CBB and CBAC were carried out to know the amount of carbon materials burnt off during the carbonization process, as it affect their quality [27].…”