Properties and Curing Kinetics of a Processable Binary Benzoxazine Blend

Abstract

A benzoxazine system is presented combining liquid cardanol-based benzoxazine (CA-a) and an effective initiator (3,3′-thiodipropionic acid, TDA) to bisphenol A-based benzoxazine (BA-a). The resultant mixture of monomeric precursors shows excellent fluidity and a relatively low peak polymerization temperature of around 200 °C. Moreover, the cured polybenzoxazine displays a high thermal decomposition temperature (T d,5% > 330 °C), a moderately high glass transition temperature (∼148 °C), and robust mechanical strength (storage modulus ∼ 2.8 GPa) comparable to those of the polybenzoxazine homopolymer obtained by curing BA-a. A comprehensive investigation into the microstructure and curing kinetics has also been conducted on the system, offering an extensive background for future studies.

Thermal stability and decomposition kinetics of polybenzoxazine and oligomeric polyhedral octaphenyl silsesquioxane nanocomposites

“…Therefore, to obtain accurate results, Friedman and FWO methods are used as isoconversional models in systems with several degradation stages due to the fact that these models assume the relationship between temperature and reaction rate across a broad spectrum of conversion degrees. The difference between the FWO and Kissinger models with the Friedman model is that the former gives an average activation energy value showing the general level of the reaction but the latter gives apparent activation energy for different stages during the reaction 9 . The results obtained from Friedman model for neat PBZ resin and various samples at 1, 3, and 5 wt% POSS content in the conversion range of 0.1–0.8, with Δ α = 0.1 have been shown in Figure 6.…”

“…Also, they have been used as high‐performance resin matrices in aerospace, automobile and electronic industries. Extensive research has been devoted to PBZ thermal stability improvement through molecular structure modification, 5–8 merging with other polymers 9–11 and nanocomposites preparation 12–15 . POSSs, or polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, are silica nanoparticles of the smallest size conceivable and can be employed to generate POSS hybrids with distinctive self‐assembled nanostructures 16 .…”

Unlocking efficiency: Imidazole-nitrile based catalyst as latent thermal curative for improved epoxy resin curing and exploring mechanical behavior

“…25 The Kissinger method is used to determine the average E a for a thermal event assuming that it is a first order reaction. 26 The Kissinger method involves the relationship between heating rate (β) and polymerization peak temperature (T p ). When the ln (β/T p 2 ) is plotted against reciprocal of T p , a straight line is obtained and from the slope of that line the average E a can be calculated using the following equation ( 1),…”

Impact of Different Substituents on Thermal Curing and Flame‐Retardant Behaviors of 2,2′‐Methylenebis(4‐nitrophenol)‐Based (Poly)benzoxazines

“…[14][15][16][17] To understand the curing mechanism as well as to reduce the curing temperature, recently studied the curing mechanism of benzoxazine at varied conditions such as thermal, acidic, basic, different substituents at the phenolic/amine part, and organo-metallic catalysts. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Similarly, for the polymerization, the benzoxazine's self-catalytic (internal catalysts) behavior was studied by varying the substituents in the benzoxazine. It was inferred that the electron-withdrawing/donating nature of the substituents and their position on the phenol/amine mainly influenced and varied the curing temperature of the benzoxazine.…”