Properties Analysis of Oil Shale Waste as Partial Aggregate Replacement in Open Grade Friction Course

Abstract

Open graded friction course (OGFC) is a high permeable mixture used to reduce noise, improve friction. However, limitations with the use of OGFC are due to the relatively low strength and stiffness. Therefore, investigating environmental and economic benefits, as well as service life of OGFC technology is the future of the pavement. In this study, a new modified OGFC (SM-OGFC) was prepared by replacing the fine aggregate below 4.75 mm in OGFC with the oil shale waste (OSW), and the silane coupling agent modifier was used to assist modification. The preparation process of SM-OGFC was optimized by central composite design, to obtain an SM-OGFC with the best mechanical properties. The Marshall test, rutting test, −15 °C splitting test, −10 °C beam bending test, immersion Marshall test, spring-thawing stability test, Cantabro test and permeability test were conducted to evaluate the properties of SM-OGFC. The results prove that SM-OGFC has excellent overall performance in comparison with OGFC and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified OGFC. Furthermore, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observation illustrates that the unique laminar columnar connected structure and cell-like structure antennae of OSW could be the main reasons why SM-OGFC obtained excellent performance. Furthermore, economic analysis indicated that the SM-OGFC mixture had higher cost effectiveness.

Using Sustainable Oil Shale Waste Powder Treated with Silane Coupling Agent for Enriching the Performance of Asphalt and Asphalt Mixture

“…As described above, a complete freeze-thaw cycle is completed. After 5 freeze-thaw cycles, damaged specimens were collected for Marshall test according to Chinese standards GB/T0709-2011 [36]. The raveling resistance properties of asphalt mixture was analyzed through standard Cantabro test, and permeability was evaluated by constant head permeability test.…”

“…Higher water absorption may lead to poor water stability of OSW in the pavement material application. In a previous study, the standard immersion Marshall test showed that utilization of oil shale waste as fine aggregate without any auxiliary modifiers reduced the water stability of asphalt mixtures, the residual stability is 70.21 % after 48 h immersion, which does not meet Chinese requirement of residual stability greater than 75% [36]. Therefore, auxiliary modifiers are needed to improve water stability during application.…”

“…The color of oil shale waste is gray-brown, and the oil has a layered joint structure of shale and a large amount of flake particles. After magnifying observation, it was found that the surface of oil shale waste is rougher, the oil shale waste has a large number of micron-sized pores, and the edge of the pores is surrounded by mossy and petal-like protrusions [36]. Figure 3 shows the appearance of oil shale waste.…”

“…Aljbour prepared ceramics specimens from oil shale ash and waste glass by pressing followed by heat treatment [35]. Wei et al prepared a long-service-life asphalt mixture by drying and sieving the oil shale waste after combustion to replace the fine aggregate below 4.75 mm as required by the Open-Grade Friction Course (OGFC) [36]. Wang et al assessed high-and low-temperature properties of asphalt pavements incorporating dry oil shale waste ash (particle size less than 0.075 mm) as partial filler.…”

Laboratory Investigation on Physical, Rheological Thermal and Microscopic Characteristics of Water-Foamed Asphalt under Three Environmental Conditions

“…Hence, shifting pavement engineering toward a more environment-friendly and sustainability industry has brought increased attention [13][14][15][16]. Warm mix asphalt (WMA) technology, as recent innovations in pavement engineering technology, has been appreciated [17,18].…”