Propellants and Explosives

Kubota, Naminosuke

doi:10.1002/9783527693481

Cited by 111 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…Thirdly, PTFE was introduced on sacrifice of RDX. Though the adiabatic flame temperature could be increased due to increasing in nitramine mass fraction, the temperature in the dark zone and the temperature gradient in the fizz zone just above the burning surface would be decreased [2,6]. The decreased temperature gradient may reduce the heat feedback to the burning surface [61].…”

Section: Ptfe-cmdb Propellant Agglomeration Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Double base propellant has been widely applied to solid rocket motors due to its various advantages such as smokeless, adjustable energy, abundant raw material sources, mature technics and so on [1][2][3]. Especially it is suitable for free standing rocket motor grains due to its high strength and elastic modulus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, its further application in some special environment is limited to some extent because of drawback of low-temperature embrittlement largely caused by the semi-rigid macromolecule of nitrocellulose (NC). In addition, many high-nitrogen energetic compounds such as hexogen (RDX) [4,5], octogen (HMX) [6,7], hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) [1,8] and so on are incorporated into propellant composition to increase energy density, unfortunately, which not only reduces CMDB propellant toughness but also increases its sensitivity [1,2,8]. Many other materials such as desensitizer, new plasticizer, new high energy density materials (HEDMs), catalyst and so on have also been incorporated into propellant composition to improve its comprehensive performance [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applying Mechanically Activated Al/PTFE in CMDB Propellant

Sun

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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A novel reactive powder (aluminum/polytetrafluoroethylene, Al/PTFE 75/25 mass %) containing two kinds of PTFE (pre-sintering PTFE and fresh PTFE, P-PTFE and F-PTFE) was prepared by a two-step mechanical activation (MA) method. By introducing it into composite modified double base (CMDB) propellant, an attempt to improve the propellant performance of this mechanically activated Al/ PTFE was made. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization indicated that F-PTFE in activated powders deformed to abundant fibers under uniform shear forces. These fibers significantly enhanced propellant tensile properties and show improved safety performance. Compared to blank CMDB propellant (without PTFE), the elongation at maximum strength for propellant with activated Al/PTFE in-clusions was increased to 3.7 times at À40 8C and to 3.9 times at À70 8C, the friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity were reduced by 88.9 % and 20.4 %, respectively. P-PTFE in activated powders promoted the Al reaction activity, thereby reducing the propellant combustion agglomeration. The average diameter (D 50 ) of coarse products for propellant with activated Al/PTFE 75/25 mass-% was reduced by 82 % compared to that of blank CMDB propellant with spherical aluminum. This novel activated Al/PTFE shows increased propellant mechanical performance, decreased sensitivity and improved combustion efficiency of Al, which might expand the application field of CMDB propellants.

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Section: Ptfe-cmdb Propellant Agglomeration Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applying Mechanically Activated Al/PTFE in CMDB Propellant

Sun

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…The amounto fh eat required to cause phase transition in the amount of TNT solid or liquid was represented as H ext in equation (7). This valuea ccording to the UDF was returned as heat source i.e., S h ,w hich is described bye quation (11), (13) and (15). The VOF model actually treat E and T as mass-averaged variables.…”

Section: Conservation Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In as imilar numerical experiment done by Chen [12],f ast and slow cook-off was also executed using varioush eating rates where the reaction due to thermald ecomposition was represented byA rrhenius equation. In ordert os elect the kinetic parameters that define the decompositionr eactions, global kinetics were resorted to [1,13].D etailedk inetic reactions were mainly about the gas phaser eactionsw hich do not include the condensed phase reactions. The global reactionf rom Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD Cook‐Off Simulation and Thermal Decomposition of Confined High Energetic Material

Asante

kim

Chae

et al. 2015

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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[a] 1Introduction TNT known as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene is one of the most commonly used explosives for military and industrial applications some decades of years past and present day.I ti s valued partly because of its insensitivity to shock and friction which reduces the risk of accidental detonation compared to other more sensitiveh igh explosivess uch as nitroglycerin. TNT melts at 80 8C [ 1,2] which is far below the temperature it wills pontaneously detonate allowing it to be poured and safely combined with other explosives [3]. TNT neither absorbs nor dissolvesi nw ater which allows it to be used effectively in wete nvironments. Additionally it is stable compared to other high explosives. With the fact that tons of TNT are produced each year,s torage is inevitable as they are not readily used [4].S torage of ammunitions over the years has seen several accidentsr ecorded in ammunition depots which are mainly due to human negligence. Someo fs uch accidents documented include Russia, Syria, Turkey and the most devastating happened in Congo [5,6].I na ll of these incidences, there were scoreso fd eath recorded accompanied by life threatening conditions. The bottom line for most of these explosions wasa saresult of some ammunition undergoing slow and fast cook-off due to poor storagec onditions [7].F or safety reasons, this phenomenonh as been investigatedb yu sing variousm ethods and popular amongst these included One Dimensional Time-to-Explosion (ODTX). There is however al imitation associated with experiment-related works when dealing with powerful explosives such as TNT in large volumes. In that regard numerical methods are the best tools to fill this gap. Some specialized codes which have beend evelopedt on umerically solve explosive related problems include TEPLO [8],H ERMEX [9] and REActive CONduction (REACON) [10]. In the case of REACON, a2 Dn umerical code was developed in order to simulate both fast and slow cook-off. Though the validationw as made using FLUENT results and literature values obtained,t he explosive involved as well as the geometry wasn'tt he same as the one in this study. However almost similarg raph profile was recorded where there was an indication of thermalr unaway.T he workd one by Hobbs [11] soughtt oi nvestigate the convection effects and the non-convection phenomena whichc ontribute to the detonationo fc onfined energetic material. COMSOL Multi-physics CFD tool was employed in the execution of the simulation work.I nt heir studies TNT was heated in ac onfined geometry where the convection effects and the Abstract:T he handling, storagea nd safety before deployment of explosivesa re major key issues that confront the ammunition industry.P recautions have to be taken not to cause premature detonationsa nd fatal accidents by studying their thermalb ehaviour.R esearch has been conducted to investigate the thermal stability of some secondary explosives such as RDX, HMX and TNT and their response to thermal stimuli. For the fact that real experimentw hich involves large amount of ex...

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Combustion of Flake Aluminum withPTFEin Solid and Hybrid Rockets *

Marothiya

Ramakrishna

2023

Nano and Micro‐Scale Energetic Materials

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Propellants and Explosives

Cited by 111 publications

References 0 publications

Applying Mechanically Activated Al/PTFE in CMDB Propellant

Applying Mechanically Activated Al/PTFE in CMDB Propellant

CFD Cook‐Off Simulation and Thermal Decomposition of Confined High Energetic Material

Combustion of Flake Aluminum withPTFEin Solid and Hybrid Rockets *

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