Propanil-Carbofuran Interactions in Rice

Abstract

At intervals of 3 to 56 days, propanil (3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide) at 4.5 kg/ha was applied after treatments of carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2- dimethyl-7-benzofuranylmethyl carbamate) at 0.7 kg/ha. Their interaction injured rice (Oryza sativaL., ‘Starbonnet’) vegetatively, but did not reduce grain yields, milling quality, or seed viability. Leaf chlorosis and necrosis developed within 7 days after propanil treatment and lasted for 2 to 4 weeks. As the time interval between carbofuran and propanil treatments increased, leaf injury decreased. Older rice recovered more quickly than younger rice. Interaction of carbofuran and propanil did not cause chlorosis or necrosis of rice leaves when the insecticide was applied 5 days after the herbicide. Propanil alone, applied once at 4.5 kg/ha, or applied sequentially at 4.5 kg/ha each time, caused only slight chlorosis of rice leaves.

History and Management of Herbicide-resistant Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa Crus-galli) in Arkansas Rice

“…Field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the interactions between propanil and other chemicals on the selective control of barnyardgrass in rice (Hoagland et al 1999;Norsworthy et al 1998Norsworthy et al , 1999Talbert et al 1995). These studies were based on numerous earlier findings showing the synergistic effects of many carbamate and organophosphate compounds when applied with or in close temporal proximity to propanil in the crop (Bowling and Flinchum 1968;Smith and Tugwell 1975;Wills and Street 1988). Norsworthy et al (1999) found that propanil in combination with anilofos, carbaryl, piperophos, or pendimethalin produced synergistic effects, whereas propanil with thiobencarb, molinate, or quinclorac produced additive effects on propanil-resistant barnyardgrass control (Talbert et al 1999).…”

Pyrithiobac and Insecticide Coapplication Effects on Cotton Tolerance and Broadleaf Weed and Thrips (Frankliniellaspp.) Control

“…Phytotoxicity or increased tolerance can result from mixtures of herbicides and insecticides or from sequential applications (Hatzios and Penner 1985;York et al 1991). One of the earliest reports of such an interaction was with propanil, a selective herbicide used in rice (Oryza sativa L.), when mixed with certain organophosphate and carbamate insecticides (Bowling and Flinchum 1968;Bowling and Hudgins 1966;El-Refai and Mowafy 1973;Smith and Tugwell 1975). Increased rice injury was observed when the carbamate insecticides carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate), malathion (diethyl (dimethoxythiophosphorylthio)succinate), or methomyl (Smethyl (EZ)-N-(methylcarbamoyloxy)thioacetimidate) were applied within 7 d before or 4 d after application of propanil; however, only carbaryl reduced grain yield (Khodayari et al 1986).…”

Characterization of aryl acylamidase activity from propanil‐resistant barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus‐galli [L.] Beauv.)

“…1968; Hoagland 1975) and other organophosphate and carbamate insecticides inhibit aryl acylamidase in rice (Khodayari et al. 1986; Matsunaka 1968; Smith & Tugwell 1975). Propanil plus carbaryl combinations were injurious to rice (Norsworthy et al .…”

“…Strong inhibition was also exhibited by the insecticide, carbaryl, and the inhibition was 1.4-fold greater on the resistant barnyardgrass than in the susceptible preparation from light-grown seedlings. Carbaryl has been known as a potent in vivo and in vitro aryl acylamidase inhibitor for some time (Bowling & Hudgins 1966;Frear & Still 1968;Yih et al 1968;Hoagland 1975) and other organophosphate and carbamate insecticides inhibit aryl acylamidase in rice (Khodayari et al 1986;Matsunaka 1968;Smith & Tugwell 1975). Propanil plus carbaryl combinations were injurious to rice (Norsworthy et al 1999a), but rice injury as high as 56% at 13 days after treatment caused by 3.3 kg ha −1 propanil plus 0.33 kg ha −1 carbaryl had no adverse effects on rice yield (Talbert et al 1996).…”