Propagation studies in Smilax fluminensis Steud. (Smilacaceae)

Soares, Anielca Nascimento; Novembre, Ana Dionisia da Luz Coelho; Martins, Aline Redondo; Piedade, Sônia Maria de Stéfano; Appezzato‐da‐Glória, Beatriz

doi:10.1590/s0103-84782011001000014

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, the continuity of the endodermis of the rhizophores and adventitious roots, observed on their emission sites, corroborates the statements that the endodermis is a continuous tissue present in roots and stems (Menezes et al, 2005). The involvement of the axillary bud in the nodal thickening process and consequent rooting in the studied species had already been observed in stem cuttings of S. fluminensis (Soares et al, 2011). The authors found that adventitious root formation did not involve callus formation and neither occur in the basal region of the cuttings, but instead occurred in the basal region of the swollen bud.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Axillary bud and pericycle involved in the thickening process of the rhizophore nodes in Smilax species

et al. 2015

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The species of the genus Smilax, popularly known as sarsaparilla, are widely used in folk medicine due to the antirheumatic properties of its underground structures. Smilax fluminensis and S. syphilitica occur in forested areas and form thickened stems called rhizophores from which adventitious roots grow. To provide information for more accurate identification of the commercialised product and for elucidating the process of stem thickening, a morphology and anatomy study of the underground organs of the two species was conducted. The adventitious roots differ in colour and diameter depending on the stage of development. They are white and have a larger diameter in the early stages of development, but as they grow, the adventitious roots become brown and have a smaller diameter due to the disintegration of the epidermis and virtually the entire cortex. In brown roots, the covering function is then performed by the lignified endodermis and the remaining walls of the cells from the last parenchyma cortical layer. These results are similar to those found in studies of other Smilax and suggest that the anatomy of the roots can be useful for identifying fraud in commercialised materials. The thickening process of the nodal regions of the rhizophores in both species involves the activity of axillary buds and pericyclic layers.Keywords: sarsaparilla, Smilax, underground system, rhizophore, anatomy.Gema axilar e periciclo envolvidos no processo de espessamento nodal do rizóforo em espécies de Smilax ResumoAs espécies de Smilax, conhecidas popularmente como salsaparrilha, são amplamente utilizadas na medicina tradicional devido às propriedades antirreumáticas das estruturas subterrâneas. Smilax fluminensis e S. syphilitica ocorrem em áreas florestais e formam caules espessados denominados rizóforos a partir dos quais são emitidas raízes adventícias. Com o intuito de fornecer informações para a identificação mais precisa do material comercializado e no entendimento do processo de espessamento do caule, foi realizado o estudo morfológico e anatômico dos órgãos subterrâneos das duas espécies. As raízes adventícias apresentam diferenças na coloração e no diâmetro dependendo da fase de desenvolvimento. As raízes nas fases iniciais do desenvolvimento são brancas e possuem diâmetro maior, porém com o desenvolvimento, devido à desintegração da epiderme e de praticamente todo o córtex, as raízes tornam-se marrons e de diâmetro menor. Nas raízes marrons, a função de revestimento passa a ser exercida pela endoderme lignificada e pelas paredes remanescentes das células da penúltima camada cortical. Os resultados são semelhantes aos encontrados nos estudos de outras Smilax e sugerem que a anatomia das raízes pode ser útil na identificação de fraudes em materiais comercializados. O processo de espessamento das regiões nodais dos rizóforos nas duas espécies envolve a atividade das gemas axilares e de camadas pericíclicas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Moreover, the nodes of the stem branches, when stimulated by fragmentation, also thicken and form adventitious roots, thereby increasing the chances for vegetative propagation (Soares et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axillary bud and pericycle involved in the thickening process of the rhizophore nodes in Smilax species

et al. 2015

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“…However, when the acclimation stage is completed, the plant will be in a new growing environment where the humidity, temperature and air temperature are no longer in a constant state (do Vale 2019). Acclimation of S. nageliana by the roots, which ensures retention of the good traits of the mother plant to the offspring (Tsaktsira 2021) and mitigating possible changes in the production of secondary metabolites, is one of the biggest challenges in the cultivation and management of this potentially medicinal Smilax species (Soares 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acclimation study of Smilax nageliana A.DC., a climber species endemic to East Java, Indonesia

et al. 2022

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Abstract. Sofiah S, Hakim L, Indriyani S, Robiansyah I. 2022. Acclimation study of Smilax nageliana A.DC., a climber species endemic to East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4082-4089. Smilax L. species, popularly known in Indonesia as Canar, belong to the family Smilacaceae and have been used in folk medicine as a tonic against rheumatism and as anti-syphilitic. Smilax nageliana A.DC is an endemic plant to East Java, Indonesia which is only distributed in Ranu Darungan, Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP), and Mt. Kawi. In the effort for its conservation and sustainable management, information regarding the adaptation of S. nageliana to a new environment is necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the acclimation of S. nageliana under three different treatments, namely (i) in hood application in a greenhouse; (ii) in its natural habitat under shade; (iii) in natural habitat in the open area. Each treatment had ten replications. Survival and growth performance were observed for six months in terms of survival rates, number of new shoots, shoot length, number of leaves and chlorophyll content. Environment factors were also measured including solar intensity, temperature, humidity and water content. Data were analyzed using a two-way Anova. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the relationships between environmental components and S. nageliana acclimation performance. The result showed that S. nageliana had a one hundred percent survival rate in the hood application and natural habitat with shade. The best growth performances (i.e., shoot length, the number of leaves, shoots per root and chlorophyll content) were achieved under the hood application. The average temperature was quite influential on the first component (PC1), followed by solar intensity while water affected the second component (PC2). The findings of this study suggest that where sunlight/solar intensity and humidity were controlled, it gave the most optimal results for acclimation of S. nageliana.

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