Propagation of surface plasmon polaritons in anisotropic MIM and IMI structures

Jacob, Jesly; Babu, Anju; Mathew, Gishamol; Mathew, Vinod

doi:10.1016/j.spmi.2008.07.001

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Based on the structure proposed above, here we design another plasmonic modulator utilizing metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguides 28 . As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable graphene-based hybrid plasmonic modulators for subwavelength confinement

Liu

2017

Sci Rep

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Electro-optical modulators which work at the near-infrared range are significant for a variety of applications such as communication and sensing. However, currently available approaches result in rather bulky devices which suffer from low integration and can hardly operate at low power consumption levels. Graphene, an emerging advanced material, has been widely utilized due to its tunability by gating which allows one to realize active optical devices. Plasmonic waveguides, one of the most promising candidates for subwavelength optical confinement, provide a way to manipulate light on scales much smaller than the wavelength. In this paper, we combine the advantages of graphene and plasmonic waveguides and propose a tunable graphene-based hybrid plasmonic modulator (GHPM). Considering several parameters of the GHPM, the modulation depth can reach approximately 0.3 dB·μm −1 at low gating voltages. Moreover, we combine GHPM with metal-insulatormetal (MIM) structure to propose another symmetrical GHPM with a modulation depth of 0.6 dB·μm −1 . Our modulators which utilize the light-matter interaction tuned by electro-doped graphene are of great potential for many applications in nanophotonics.The need for fast, compact and low-energy consumption electro-optical modulators has motivated research into optical structures capable of guiding light with deep subwavelength confinement 1 . High-integration density of optical devices and miniaturization of device size remain major challenges in micro and nanotechnology. Due to the existence of the diffraction limit, traditional optical devices are difficult to operate in micro-nano size. Plasmons, the collective oscillations of valence electrons in conducting materials, possess a number of appealing properties for photonic technologies, the most salient of which are (1) their small spatial extension compared with the light wavelength; (2) their strong interaction with light; (3) the huge optical enhancements produced by the strong interaction. Compared to other waveguides, plasmonic waveguides can break the diffraction limit and provide subwavelength optical confinement by storing optical energy in electron oscillations within dissipative metallic regions [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . Therefore, plasmonic waveguides have been regarded as one of the most promising candidates for manipulating light on nanoscale.Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms in a hexagonal lattice, holds an attractive potential to realize fast and compact optoelectronic devices. For applications in optical modulators, graphene has several unique characteristics. (1) Broad optical bandwidth. Graphene has a constant absorption from visible to infrared wavelengths which covers the optical fiber communication bandwidth 9,10 . (2) High speed operation. With a carrier mobility as high as 200,000 cm 2 /(Vs) at room temperature (Actually, the real mobility of monolayer graphene is much smaller than the theoretical value and we use ~10 4 cm 2 /(Vs) in our simulation), graphene-based electronics may have the potentia...

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“…Based on the structure proposed above, here we design another plasmonic modulator utilizing metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguides 28 . As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable graphene-based hybrid plasmonic modulators for subwavelength confinement

Liu

2017

Sci Rep

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“…Typical hybrid structures like core–shell nanostructure, nanosandwich, and metal–dielectric nanosphere dimer are shown in Figure a. [ 99–101 ] Core–shell nanostructure can be easily prepared with the chemical synthesis method to form metal–core–dielectric–shell or dielectric–core–metal–shell structures. The optical resonance of core–shell can be flexibly tuned by controlling the nanoparticle's size, geometry, and materials, covering a wide spectral range from UV to near infrared.…”

Section: Recent Progress In Nanoantenna‐enhanced Ledmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recent Progress In Nanoantenna‐enhanced Ledmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoantenna‐Enhanced Light‐Emitting Diodes: Fundamental and Recent Progress

Wang

et al. 2021

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are a promising solution for energy‐saving illumination, terminal display technology, and visible light communication. Driven by the vast markets of these emergent applications, the everlasting demand for LED devices is to continuously improve the luminous efficiency and lifetime while minimizing costs. The luminous efficiency of LEDs can be improved from various perspectives including materials, nanofabrication, encapsulation, and other fields, mainly to increase the internal quantum efficiency of the active layer, the light extraction efficiency, the directionality of luminous emission, and the photoluminescence of color‐converting layer. A nanoantenna is a delicately designed functional structure with strong capabilities in decay rate enhancement, light regulation, and other unique optical and electrical characteristics, which fully meet the needs of LED emission enhancement. Starting from the mechanism of nanoantennas, how to enhance LEDs by nanoantennas made of metals, dielectrics, and mixtures of both is discussed. By considering some practical cases, the review of the enhanced functionalities of LEDs under the function of nanoantenna are provided. On top of that, the great potential of nanoantennas for the use in micro‐ and nanostructures, layered structures, and other new LED geometries, and for the active control of LEDs using reprogrammable nanoantennas is also put forward.

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“…However, these works have been restricted to materials with diagonal dielectric tensors, and the resulting equations are nearly identical to those used in the original isotropic media. A simplified theoretical study of electromagnetic wave propagation through insulator–metal–insulator and MIM structures consisting of anisotropic dielectric layers with off-diagonal dielectric tensor has performed [13]. However, the principal axes of the anisotropic slab are simply chosen parallel to the metal/anisotropic interface and the directions of the electromagnetic fields are chosen in a manner which the electric field vector is in parallel with electric flux density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical study of liquid crystal dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguide

Armand

Ardakani

2015

Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol.

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A fully two-dimensional theoretical study of the electromagnetic wave propagation through Metal–Liquid Crystal–Metal (M–LC–M) waveguide structure is presented. Dispersion relations corresponding to both symmetric and antisymmetric-coupled surface plasmons polaritons modes in M–LC–M structure are derived and numerically solved. The effects of LC tilt angles on the effective refractive index and propagation length are proposed. The analytical method is in good agreement with those obtained from finite-difference time-domain simulation. The obtained analytic formula can be used as an efficient element in designing tunable ultrahigh nanoscale integrated plasmonic devices.

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Propagation of surface plasmon polaritons in anisotropic MIM and IMI structures

Cited by 31 publications

References 19 publications

Tunable graphene-based hybrid plasmonic modulators for subwavelength confinement

Tunable graphene-based hybrid plasmonic modulators for subwavelength confinement

Nanoantenna‐Enhanced Light‐Emitting Diodes: Fundamental and Recent Progress

Theoretical study of liquid crystal dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguide

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