Propagation of Supraharmonics in a Data Center With Different Operating Modes of UPS

Abstract

A data center is a major hub of different converters ensuring continuous power to the server loads. The pulse width modulation switching techniques with frequency emission from 2 to 150 kHz (i.e., supraharmonics) in these converters call for a study of the magnitude and propagation of this emission within data centers where UPS is one of the main contributors of supraharmonics. The paper shows, with measurements and model, the change in magnitude and propagation of supraharmonics with the change in the operating mode of the UPS. The magnitude of supraharmonics shows a non-linear dependency on the power consumed in the online mode. In bypass mode, the magnitude of supraharmonics shows a dependency on the type of load connected. The filter connected between PE-N at the input side of the UPS can cause resonance in the phase conductors. The results show that to study the emission, immunity, and electromagnetic compatibility of supraharmonics for UPS, the factors such as operating mode, the type of load connected, and the input and output impedance need to be considered.

Data center integrated energy system for sustainability: Generalization, approaches, methods, techniques, and future perspectives

“…The active participation of DCs in interactions with the new power system offers numerous advantages, as they employ various methods to mitigate fluctuations in the power grid and generate profits. 80 Figure 6 demonstrates the diverse range of available resources within the premises, including batteries, 81 UPS, 82 diesel generators, 83 virtual energy storage systems, 84 and flexible workloads. These resources play a crucial role in effectively supporting demand-side response activities to address grid congestion through equivalent electrical transfer of time and space, and enabling peak shaving and valley filling operations within DCs and regional power grids.…”

Supraharmonic Detection Algorithm Based on Interpolation of Self-Convolutional Window All-Phase Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit

“…These devices operate with a nonlinear current waveform that can increase dramatically around the switching frequency and its integer multiples, such as the electric vehicle charging piles, which are operating at very high frequencies, causing an increase in the higher harmonic components of current and voltage. The impact of the increase of supraharmonic content on the power grid is mainly reflected in three aspects: first, it affects the normal use of electrical equipment, such as affecting the normal operation of electric vehicle charging piles and interfering with the touch switch of electrical equipment; second, it causes damage to some electrical equipment, such as increasing the heating of diodes and capacitors and shortening the service life of electrical equipment; third, it affects the power line communication, and similar frequency bands interfere with normal communication, resulting in power line communication failure, resulting in power metering errors and even protection device malfunction and other problems [3,4]. The influence of the higher harmonics is becoming more and more obvious, and the research on the higher harmonics has attracted widespread attention in the industry.…”