tenna with L ϭ 4 cm and W ϭ 2 cm resonating at 3.25 GHz is fabricated on a substrate with r2 ϭ 4.28, h 2 ϭ 1.6 mm. The parameters of the symmetric T-shaped feed are optimized to obtain maximum percentage bandwidth. The variation of the return loss of the above antenna with the optimum feed parameters S 1 ϭ S 2 ϭ 3 cm, d 1 ϭ 1.2 cm, d 2 ϭ 1 cm and a ϭ 0.9 cm is shown in Figure 2. The antenna gives a 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of 23.23% in the operating band from 3.086 GHz to 3.842 GHz. The variation of the impedance bandwidth with symmetric T-arm length (S 1 ϭ S 2 ) is studied for antennas fabricated on different substrates resonating at the same frequency. These variations are shown in Figure 3. The radiation patterns for the antenna at the resonating frequency for the optimized feed parameters are shown in Figure 4. The HPBW of the antenna for the E-and H-planes are found to be 110°and 68°, respectively. The cross polarization level is found to be better than Ϫ35 dB in the principal planes. All the above radiation characteristics are highly suitable for large bandwidth applications.
CONCLUSIONSThis paper introduces the use of a planar T-shaped feed for rectangular microstrip antenna, with the striking feature of having a reduced feed complexity (as compared with other existing methods) used for bandwidth enhancement. This may find applications in wireless communication and Blue tooth Technology.
POWER CHARACTERISTICS OF DIELECTRIC OPTICAL PIET HEIN WAVEGUIDES