Propagation Channel Models for Next-Generation Wireless Communications Systems

Abstract

SUMMARYAs new systems and applications are introduced for nextgeneration wireless systems, the propagation channels in which they operate need to be characterized. This paper discusses propagation channels for four types of next-generation systems: (i) distributed Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) and Cooperative MultiPoint (CoMP) systems, which require the characterization of correlation between channels from a mobile station to different base stations or access points; (ii) device-todevice communications, where propagation channels are characterized by strong mobility at both link ends (e.g., in vehicle-to-vehicle communications), and/or significant impact of moving shadowing objects; (iii) fulldimensional MIMO, where antenna arrays extend in both the horizontal and vertical dimension, so that azimuthal and elevation dispersion characteristics of the channel become relevant, and (iv) millimeter wave Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and cellular communication systems, where the high carrier frequency leads to a change (compared to microwave communications) concerning which propagation processes are dominant. For each of these areas, we give an overview of measurements and models for key channel properties. A discussion of open issues and possible future research avenues is also provided.

Indoor Corridor Wideband Radio Propagation Measurements and Channel Models for 5G Millimeter Wave Wireless Communications at 19 GHz, 28 GHz, and 38 GHz Bands

“…The time dispersion and angular dispersion play a key role in modern cellular systems [34]. The PDP of the received signal provides a good indication of the dispersion of the transmitted power over various paths.…”

NLOS Path Loss Model for Low-Height Antenna Links in High-Rise Urban Street Grid Environments

“…From the perspective of radiowave propagation, this technology involves new propagation behaviors for mobile communications since the height of transmitters (e.g., base stations) is transitioning to near ground levels for typical outdoor D2D uses in urban areas. This leads to more interaction with objects in the close neighbor surroundings [3]. Specifically, in high-rise building environments, radiowaves from low-antenna terminals rarely propagate over-rooftop paths via diffraction but do propagate along the street roads [4].…”

“…In this regard, Molisch and Tufvesson [3] also pointed out that D2D channels have fundamentally different nature compared to conventional cellular channels. Note also that ITU-R recognized different propagation behaviors between lowheight antenna links so that its standards were revised in September 2013 to include concepts of antenna height levels such as "below roof-top but above head level" and "at or below head level" [17].…”

Multi-Dimensional Radio Channel Measurement, Analysis and Modeling for High Frequency Bands

“…Emerging applications using this multi-link (ML) technique include multi-user (MU) MIMO, base station cooperation which is also known as cooperative multipoint (CoMP) [48], distributed antenna systems (DAS), etc. In particular, the design and analysis require more sophisticated channel models for fading correlation among the multiple links based on the high-resolution subspace structure of each link [18], [49]. In multiple antenna systems, it is essential to investigate channel subspace structure which can only be known from the spatial (directional) channel properties.…”

“…Because several excellent overview papers on radio propagation issues at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) bands, channel modeling and standardization trend for the 5G mobile communication systems are already available, e.g., in [18], [19], [21], this paper aims at providing comprehensive tutorial of the whole procedure of channel modeling; multi-dimensional channel sounder, channel measurement, analysis and modeling. In addition, the stochastic model parameters at 11 GHz compatible to the WINNER/3GPP model will be presented.…”