Propagation and extinction of downward burning fires

Sibulkin, Merwin; Little, Michael W.

doi:10.1016/0010-2180(78)90129-3

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…As noted, earlier previous experiments [1,2] in normal gravity indicate the presence of two modes of flame stabilization: side flame and wake flame. The transition from the former to the latter occurs when the oxygen level is sufficiently reduced.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Their observation of flame stabilization was similar to that of Refs. [1,2]. In their work they defined the LOI as the oxygen level where the flame stopped propagating along the side surface (i.e., the transition limit to wake flame).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The top of the specimen is engulfed in the flame while the flame front spreads downward around the exterior. Sibulkin and Little [1] and Halli and T'ien [2] have reported their observations of burning phenomenon for downward flame spread over cylindrical PMMA rods where a conical fuel shape formed underneath the flame. As the oxygen level in the flowing gas mixture was reduced, the flame front, which normally anchors on the sides of the fuel (side-stabilized flame), moved back (downstream) relative to the pyrolysis front.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A computational study of low oxygen flammability limit for thick solid slabs

Kumar

T’ien

2006

Combustion and Flame

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A computational study of low oxygen flammability limit for thick solid slabs

Kumar

T’ien

2006

Combustion and Flame

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“…If the width of the samples is small, heat losses to the supporting materials are sufficient to cause the extinction of the flame and to displace the extinction limit to higher oxygen concentrations or pressures. For flames spreading downward over PMMA rods, it has been observed that although the spread rate is highly dependent on the velocity of the air flow or the oxygen concentration (Sibulkin and Little, 1978) at near-extinction conditions, the mass burning rate is practically independent of these parameters. These last results corroborate the difference in the mechanisms controlling the processes of mass burning and flame spread (Williams, 1976;Sibulkin and Little, 1978).…”

Section: A C Fernandez-pello a N D T Hiranomentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The processes of mass burning and flame spread have different controlling mechanisms (Williams, 1976) and their extinction limits may be different. For flame spread, the extinction or non-propagation limits are normally higher than in mass burning and often the fuel burning process is continued even though the flame does not spread (Sibulkin and Little, 1978).…”

Section: External Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Mechanisms of Flame Spread

Fernandez‐Pello

Hirano

1983

Combustion Science and Technology

256

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Recent advances i n the experimental study of the mechanisms controlling the spread o f flames over the surface of combustible solids are summarized i n this work. The heat transfer and gas phase chemical kinetic aspects of the flame spread process are addressed separately for the spread o f flames in oxidizing flows that oppose or concur with the direction of propagation. The realization that, in most practical situations, the spread of fire i n opposed gas flows occurs at near extinction or non-propagating conditions is particularly significant. Under these circumstances, gas phase chemical kinetics plays a critical role and it must be considered i f realistic descriptions o f the flame spread process are attempted. I n the concurrent mode of flame spread, heat transfer from the flame to the unburnt fuel appears to be the primary controlling mechanism. Although gas phase chemcial kinetics is unimportant in the flame spreading process, i t is important in the establishment and extension o f the diffusion flame that generates the spread process. The current experimental observations, although still i n need of further verification, provide insight toward the development o f accurate descriptions of the flame spread process.

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Combustion characteristics of halogen‐free flame‐retarded polyethylene containing magnesium hydroxide and some synergists

Wang

Fan

et al. 2001

J of Applied Polymer Sci

183

124

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Halogen-free flame-retarded polyethylene materials have been prepared by using magnesium hydroxide (MH) as a flame retardant combined with red phosphorous (RP) and expandable graphite (EG) as synergists. The effects of these additives on the combustion behavior of the filled linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), such as a limiting oxygen index (LOI), the rate of heat release (RHR), the specific extinction area (SEA), etc., have been studied by the LOI determination and the cone calorimeter test. The results show that RP and EG are good synergists for improving the flame retardancy of LLDPE/MH formulations. In addition, a suitable amount of ethylene and vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) added in the formulations can increase the LOI values while promoting the char formation and showing almost no effect on the RHR and SEA values.

show abstract

Propagation and extinction of downward burning fires

Cited by 31 publications

References 2 publications

A computational study of low oxygen flammability limit for thick solid slabs

A computational study of low oxygen flammability limit for thick solid slabs

Controlling Mechanisms of Flame Spread

Combustion characteristics of halogen‐free flame‐retarded polyethylene containing magnesium hydroxide and some synergists

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