Proof-of-Work as Anonymous Micropayment: Rewarding a Tor Relay

Biryukov, Alex; Pustogarov, Ivan

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-47854-7_27

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…All these operations are grouped as a Block and a transaction is finalized. Based on the block generated, the network can be analyzed for detection of malicious nodes in the network and to avoid them thus improving the security levels for data transfer [21,22]. The process of creating Blocks is represented in Figure 3.…”

Section: Security In Blockchainmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Trust Based Efficient Blockchain Linked Routing Method for Improving Security in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

Narayana¹,

Midhunchakkaravarthy²

2020

IJSSE

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Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are non-fixed framework systems and there are such a large number of issues with them because of their dynamic topology, portable nodes, security, data transfer capacity, restricted battery strength and so forth. Trust is an association, dependability, unwavering excellence, and loyalty of the nodes in the system. A trusted routing plan is essential to guarantee the routing security and productivity of sensor systems. In perspective on these issues, this manuscript proposes a trusted routing plan utilizing block chain and building up a security model to improve the routing security and productivity for ad hoc networks. The possible routing plan is given for acquiring routing data of routing nodes on the block chain, which makes the routing data distinct and difficult to alter. The support learning model is utilized to help routing nodes progressively select increasingly trusted and productive routing connections. The proposed work introduces a Trust Based Efficient Blockchain Linked Routing Method (TbEBCLRM) for a system of trusted and untrusted nodes. The proposed method utilizes blockchain method to improve security in the ad hoc networks and to avoid malicious activities during communication is initiated. The proposed method is compared with the traditional methods and the results show that the proposed method exhibits better performance in terms of accuracy, security level, trust level and energy consumption.

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Section: Security In Blockchainmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Trust Based Efficient Blockchain Linked Routing Method for Improving Security in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

Narayana¹,

Midhunchakkaravarthy²

2020

IJSSE

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“…Financial incentive models have been introduced in various works [17,18,[21][22][23][24]. For example, Ad-hoc VCG [17] provides a game-theoretical setting for routing within mobile ad-hoc networks in which a node accepts a payment for forwarding data packets from other agents provided the payment exceeds its cost.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method is vulnerable, as attackers can forge a proof message to be sent to a central management system to generate rewards. The Onion Router proposed in [23] is based on [24], a blockchain-based reward mechanism for anonymous routing. This routing needs a centralized network since it requires that nodes be assigned to their specific relay nodes, after which only these nodes will receive the data.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Blockchain‐Based Contractual Routing Protocol for the Internet of Things Using Smart Contracts

Ramezan

Leung

2018

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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In this paper, we propose a novel blockchain-based contractual routing (BCR) protocol for a network of untrusted IoT devices. In contrast to conventional secure routing protocols in which a central authority (CA) is required to facilitate the identification and authentication of each device, the BCR protocol operates in a distributed manner with no CA. The BCR protocol utilizes smart contracts to discover a route to a destination or data gateway within heterogeneous IoT networks. Any intermediary device can guarantee a route from a source IoT device to a destination device or gateway. We compare the performance of BCR with that of the Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in a network of 14 devices. The results show that the routing overhead of the BCR protocol is 5 times lower compared to AODV at the cost of a slightly lower packet delivery ratio. BCR is fairly resistant to both Blackhole and Greyhole attacks. The results show that the BCR protocol enables distributed routing in heterogeneous IoT networks.

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“…Section 7). Our current implementation uses Bitcoin payments [43], which allow users to obfuscate their identity and which have similarly been proposed for the reimbursement of Tor relay operators [9]. However, Phonion is agnostic to any particular payment scheme and other suitable solutions, such as more privacy-focused digital currencies [8] or even anonymous pre-paid credit card payments, can be integrated as well.…”

Section: Relay Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phonion: Practical Protection of Metadata in Telephony Networks

Heuser

Reaves

Pendyala

et al. 2016

Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies

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Abstract:The majority of people across the globe rely on telephony networks as their primary means of communication. As such, many of the most sensitive personal, corporate and government related communications pass through these systems every day. Unsurprisingly, such connections are subject to a wide range of attacks. Of increasing concern is the use of metadata contained in Call Detail Records (CDRs), which contain source, destination, start time and duration of a call. This information is potentially dangerous as the very act of two parties communicating can reveal significant details about their relationship and put them in the focus of targeted observation or surveillance, which is highly critical especially for journalists and activists. To address this problem, we develop the Phonion architecture to frustrate such attacks by separating call setup functions from call delivery. Specifically, Phonion allows users to preemptively establish call circuits across multiple providers and technologies before dialing into the circuit and does not require constant Internet connectivity. Since no single carrier can determine the ultimate destination of the call, it provides unlinkability for its users and helps them to avoid passive surveillance. We define and discuss a range of adversary classes and analyze why current obfuscation technologies fail to protect users against such metadata attacks. In our extensive evaluation we further analyze advanced anonymity technologies (e.g., VoIP over Tor), which do not preserve our functional requirements for high voice quality in the absence of constant broadband Internet connectivity and compatibility with landline and feature phones. Phonion is the first practical system to provide guarantees of unlinkable communication against a range of practical adversaries in telephony systems.

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Proof-of-Work as Anonymous Micropayment: Rewarding a Tor Relay

Cited by 22 publications

References 9 publications

A Trust Based Efficient Blockchain Linked Routing Method for Improving Security in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

A Trust Based Efficient Blockchain Linked Routing Method for Improving Security in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

A Blockchain‐Based Contractual Routing Protocol for the Internet of Things Using Smart Contracts

Phonion: Practical Protection of Metadata in Telephony Networks

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