Pronounced phylogeographic structure on a small spatial scale: Geomorphological evolution and lineage history in the salamander ring species Ensatina eschscholtzii in central coastal California

Kuchta, Shawn R.; Parks, Duncan S.; Wake, David B.

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.10.019

Cited by 37 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Some studies have discovered additional cryptic species that have added to the endemism of the region [13][14][15]. Other studies have found high levels of divergence among geographically structured clades [6,16,17], many of which deserve protection as evolutionarily significant units [18]. The high levels of phylogeographic structure observed in these studies can be explained by the fact that salamanders in general have very low levels of dispersal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Cryptic diversity and biogeographical patterns within the black salamander (Aneides flavipunctatus) complex

Reilly

Wake

2014

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Phylogeographical structure in the black salamander (Aneides flavipunctatus) was inferred using two independent genetic datasets. Concordance between the datasets was sought in order to evaluate earlier suggestions of species‐level breaks and evidence of vicariance and long‐term isolation within the complex. We hypothesized that major phylogeographical breaks would either correspond to current tectonic plate boundaries or to historical geological processes. Location North‐western California and southern Oregon (USA). Methods Three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes were sequenced for 240 black salamanders from 136 localities, and up to 13 nuclear DNA loci were sequenced for 145 black salamanders representing 93 localities. Phylogenetic analysis of our mitochondrial dataset was performed to recover major lineages, while spatial clustering analysis of our nuclear dataset was utilized to identify points of concordance with our mtDNA phylogeny. Levels of gene flow were estimated for all contact zones. Results Our mitochondrial phylogeny recovered four major lineages. Cluster analysis of our nuclear dataset is consistent with a four‐population scheme, with the boundaries matching those of the mtDNA lineages. Gene flow across a contact zone in southern Humboldt between two of the populational units is extremely limited (2Nm < 1). In what is identified as the Central Core population, two distinctive subpopulations were delineated based on nuclear data, but mitochondrial data are discordant. Main conclusions The Aneides flavipunctatus complex comprises at least four species‐level units. Two of the boundaries between these units are associated with current tectonic plate boundaries. The contact zone between our Northwest and Central Core populations lies adjacent to the Mendocino Triple Junction (MTJ), where the Humboldt and North American plates meet, while the area separating the Santa Cruz and Central Core populations corresponds to the boundary between the Pacific and Humboldt tectonic plates. The phylogeographical break within the Central Core population lies in a region in which uplift occurred that is associated with the historical position of the migrating MTJ.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Cryptic diversity and biogeographical patterns within the black salamander (Aneides flavipunctatus) complex

Reilly

Wake

2014

Journal of Biogeography

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“…This subspecies is composed of four genetically and geographically distinct populations distributed in the San Francisco Bay Area and the Sierra Nevada mountains [28]. We used 16S amplicon sequencing to characterize and compare skin microbial communities between populations, age classes, and sexes to explore factors that may be driving skin microbiome assemblage in this salamander.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific Variation in the Skin-Associated Microbiome of a Terrestrial Salamander

et al. 2017

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Resident microbial communities living on amphibian skin can have significant effects on host health, yet the basic ecology of the host-microbiome relationship of many amphibian taxa is poorly understood. We characterized intraspecific variation in the skin microbiome of the salamander Ensatina eschscholtzii xanthoptica, a subspecies composed of four genetically distinct populations distributed throughout the San Francisco Bay Area and the Sierra Nevada mountains in California, USA. We found that salamanders from four geographically and genetically isolated populations harbor similar skin microbial communities, which are dominated by a common core set of bacterial taxa. Additionally, within a population, the skin microbiome does not appear to differ between salamanders of different ages or sexes. In all cases, the salamander skin microbiomes were significantly different from those of the surrounding terrestrial environment. These results suggest that the relationship between E. e. xanthoptica salamanders and their resident skin microbiomes is conserved, possibly indicating a stable mutualism between the host and microbiome.

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“…Nevertheless, the newt populations show a contrasting pattern of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA geographic structure (Mila et al, 2010) probably derived from different rates of migration between males and females (Staub, Brown and Wake, 1995;Kutchta, Parks and Wake, 2009). Therefore, the analysis of highly polymorphic nuclear data will be valuable to quantify more accurately the genetic isolation and differentiation of the lake population of C. asper.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life history trait differences between a lake and a stream-dwelling population of the Pyrenean brook newt (Calotriton asper)

et al. 2014

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The Pyrenean brook newt (Calotriton asper) is a salamandrid that mostly lives in fast running and cold mountain-streams, although some populations are also found in lakes. In the present work, we report in detail on the occurrence of facultative paedomorphosis traits in a population from a Pyrenean high altitude lake. We compare its morphology, life history traits and mitochondrial DNA variation with a nearby lotic metamorphic population. Our results indicate that the lacustrine newts are smaller and present a less developed sexual dimorphism, smooth skin, and that 53% of the adults retain gills at different degrees of development, but not gill slits. Although both populations and sexes have the same age at sexual maturity (four years), the lacustrine population presents higher longevity (12 and 9 years for males and females, respectively) than the one living in the stream (8 and 9 years). The variation on the climatic conditions at altitudinal scale is probably the main cause of the differences in life history traits found between the two populations. The food availability, which could to be limiting in the lacustrine population, is another factor that can potentially affect body size. These results are congruent with the significant mitochondrial DNA genetic isolation between populations, probably a consequence of the lack of juvenile dispersal. We found low cytochrome b variability and significant genetic structuring in the lake population that is very remarkably considering the short distance to the nearby stream population and the whole species’ pattern. We suggest that a bottleneck effect and/or phenotypic plasticity may have resulted in the appearance of a paedomorphic morph in the lake.

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Pronounced phylogeographic structure on a small spatial scale: Geomorphological evolution and lineage history in the salamander ring species Ensatina eschscholtzii in central coastal California

Cited by 37 publications

References 65 publications

Cryptic diversity and biogeographical patterns within the black salamander (Aneides flavipunctatus) complex

Cryptic diversity and biogeographical patterns within the black salamander (Aneides flavipunctatus) complex

Intraspecific Variation in the Skin-Associated Microbiome of a Terrestrial Salamander

Life history trait differences between a lake and a stream-dwelling population of the Pyrenean brook newt (Calotriton asper)

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