Prone retroperitoneoscopy in treating complex renal vascular malformations

Renal vascularisation anomalies in the Polish population. Coexistence of arterial and venous anomalies in the vascular pedicle of the kidney

“…Variations in the structure of the renal vascular pedicle occur relatively frequently [11,29], which should be considered in surgical treatment of aortic aneurysms [2,26], during retroperitoneal procedures [3,12], in the treatment of renovascular hypertension [5], as well as during kidney transplantation [4,6,7,14,20].…”