Prompt-gamma monitoring in hadrontherapy: A review

Krimmer, J.; Dauvergne, D.; Létang, Jean Michel; Testa, É.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2017.07.063

Cited by 212 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…To this end, detection of secondary emissions for in vivo verification of the beam range is a very active area of research worldwide, aiming to reduce the above mentioned range uncertainties for safer delivery of more conformal treatments in the clinical practice. So far most of the studies already reaching clinical testing have been focused on bulky instrumentation aiming to detect primarily photon radiation resulting from nuclear‐based interactions, so called positron emission tomography and prompt gamma imaging …”

Section: Proton Therapy Range Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinically common proton sources (cyclotron and synchrotron) deliver millisecond‐to‐second long macrostructure proton pulses . Unlike joint clinical/research centers, which have the ability to dispense individual 50 ns synchrotron bunches separated by 50 ms periods, clinical proton pulses consist of 0.5–50 ns microstructure bunches delivered at >5 MHz repetition rates . Because this <200 ns repetition period is much smaller than the stress confinement criteria, the microstructure is undetectable in the acoustic signal and the pressure emissions are shaped by the macrostructure proton pulse envelope.…”

Section: Proton Therapy Range Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionizing radiation‐induced acoustics for radiotherapy and diagnostic radiology applications

et al. 2018

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Acoustic waves are induced via the thermoacoustic effect in objects exposed to a pulsed beam of ionizing radiation. This phenomenon has interesting potential applications in both radiotherapy dosimetry and treatment guidance as well as low-dose radiological imaging. After initial work in the field in the 1980s and early 1990s, little research was done until 2013 when interest was rejuvenated, spurred on by technological advances in ultrasound transducers and the increasing complexity of radiotherapy delivery systems. Since then, many studies have been conducted and published applying ionizing radiation-induced acoustic principles into three primary research areas: Linear accelerator photon beam dosimetry, proton therapy range verification, and radiological imaging. This review article introduces the theoretical background behind ionizing radiation-induced acoustic waves, summarizes recent advances in the field, and provides an outlook on how the detection of ionizing radiationinduced acoustic waves can be used for relative and in vivo dosimetry in photon therapy, localization of the Bragg peak in proton therapy, and as a low-dose medical imaging modality. Future prospects and challenges for the clinical implementation of these techniques are discussed.

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Section: Proton Therapy Range Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proton Therapy Range Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionizing radiation‐induced acoustics for radiotherapy and diagnostic radiology applications

et al. 2018

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“…Numerous solutions have been proposed for PGI . Among the proposed techniques, different groups have developed systems based on multislits, knife‐edge‐shaped slits, Compton cameras, timing without collimation, or integrating systems .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results from the experimental evaluation of CeBr scintillators for He prompt gamma spectroscopy

et al. 2019

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Purpose The presence of range uncertainties hinders the exploitation of the full potential of charged particle therapy. Several range verification techniques have been proposed to mitigate this limitation. Prompt gamma spectroscopy (PGS) is among the most promising solutions for online and in vivo range verification. In this work, we present the experimental results of the detection of prompt gamma radiation, induced by 4He beams at the Heidelberg Ion‐Beam Therapy Center (HIT). The results were obtained, using a spectroscopic unit of which the design has been optimized using Monte Carlo simulations. Methods The spectroscopic unit is composed by a primary cerium bromide (CeBr3) crystal surrounded by a secondary bismuth germanate (BGO) crystal for anticoincidence detection (AC). The digitalization of the signals is performed with an advanced FADC/FPGA system. The 4He beams at clinical energies and intensities are delivered to multiple targets in the experimental cave at the HIT. We analyze the production of prompt gamma on oxygen and carbon targets, as well as high Z materials such as titanium and aluminum. The quantitative analysis includes a systematic comparison of the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) improvement for the spectral lines when introducing the AC detection. Moreover, the SNR improvement could provide a reduction of the number of events required to draw robust conclusions. We perform a statistic analysis to determine the magnitude of such an effect. Results We present the energy spectra detected by the primary CeBr3 and the secondary BGO. The combination of these two detectors leads to an average increase of the signal‐to‐noise ratio by a factor 2.1, which confirms the Monte Carlo predictions. The spectroscopic unit is capable of detecting efficiently the discrete gamma emission over the full energy spectrum. We identify and analyze 19 independent spectral lines in an energy range spacing from Eγ=0.718 MeV to Eγ=6.13 MeV. Moreover, when introducing the AC detection, the number of events required to determine robustly the intensity of the discrete lines decreases. Finally, the analysis of the low‐energy reaction lines determines whether a thin metal insert is introduced in the beam direction. Conclusions This work provides the experimental characterization of the spectroscopy unit in development for range verification through PGS at the HIT. Excellent performances have been demonstrated over the full prompt gamma energy spectrum with 4He beams at clinical energies and intensities.

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“…The 3D diamond sensor permits to reach greater performance in the high‐luminosity areas of the LHC experiments, along with the typical high radiation hardness and extreme resistivity values found in bulk diamond . Commercial CVD diamonds are also studied for their applicability as a sensitive detector in hadron therapy with very promising results as prompt‐gamma and beam tagging hodoscope in ion monitoring …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitrogen is frequently present in the diamond samples due to the gas flux used during growth producing intrinsic defects that may substantially modify the quality of the diamond. In consequence, the CVD diamond crystal TL properties will depend on the morphological, structural, and the defects present …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X‐Ray Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Characterization of Commercially Available CVD Diamond

Gil-Tolano¹,

Meléndrez²,

Álvarez-García³

et al. 2018

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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High quality commercially available CVD diamonds are being tested in novel clinical high energy photons, hadron therapy, and high energy physics applications. In the present work, the authors report on the thermoluminescence (TL) and dosimetry properties of commercial synthetic CVD diamond sample from Element6, exposed to X‐ray irradiation at dose rates of 3.9–120 Gy min−1 from 0.13 to 90 Gy. The TL glow curves are composed of four peaks with maxima at about 104, 150, 210, and 280 °C and activation energies of 0.78, 0.79, 0.81, and 1.0 eV, respectively. The dose response of the area under TL glow curves is linear at doses lower than 0.6 Gy, supralinear between 0.6 and 6 Gy and sublinear at higher doses. The samples exhibited a strong TL fading of the low temperature 104 °C peaks that fades away around 120 min after irradiation, which is accompanied by increasing of the 210 and 280 °C peaks. The measured TL cycle reproducibility was very good, in spite of the fading exhibited by the lower temperature peak, with values of 0.1–3.0% at different dose rates and doses. It is concluded that CVD commercially single crystal electronic grade diamond may be securely used in clinical radiotherapy.

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Prompt-gamma monitoring in hadrontherapy: A review

Cited by 212 publications

References 162 publications

Ionizing radiation‐induced acoustics for radiotherapy and diagnostic radiology applications

Ionizing radiation‐induced acoustics for radiotherapy and diagnostic radiology applications

Results from the experimental evaluation of CeBr scintillators for He prompt gamma spectroscopy

X‐Ray Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Characterization of Commercially Available CVD Diamond

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