Promotion of Tissue Healing and Regeneration with Low-Reactive Level Laser Therapy Using Diode Lasers in Dental Field: Review of Basic and Clinical Research

Abstract

Since the 1960's, basic and clinical research has been conducted regarding the biostimulative effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) by means of low-reactive level laser therapy (LLLT). A number of studies have used low-level diode lasers in nearinfrared to infrared wavelengths because of their high degree of tissue penetration. In the dental field, it has been shown that LLLT enhances proliferation, migration, and differentiation of gingival fibroblasts, osteoblasts, periodontal ligament cells, as well as mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Furthermore, LLLT promoted wound healing and bone formation in vivo. Currently, less invasive and safer procedures are desired for dental treatment, especially for regenerative therapy. It is expected that PBM by means of LLLT will contribute to attaining that goal. Consequently, we have reviewed basic and clinical studies using the diode laser for LLLT, and we discuss the potential of LLLT in promoting periodontal tissue healing and regeneration.

Effects of Intermittent Irradiation with Low-Level LED Light on Osteoblast-Like Cells Derived from Rat Bone Marrow

“…The representative mechanism by which LLLT to cell is which after the light factors pass through the cell membrane, they are bound by cytochrome c oxidase and flavin proteins in the mitochondria, which are photoreceptors, leading to the production of adenosine triphosphate, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide, which in turn induce gene transcription in the nucleus. Gene transcription in the nucleus leads to the production of growth factors, deposition of extracellular matrix, cell proliferation, and enhancement of cell motility [36][37][38] .…”

“…Recent studies have reported that the transient receptor potential (TRP), an ion channel on the plasma membrane, is involved in LLLT signaling 21,22,38) . TRP channels are activated by a variety of stimuli, including temperature, mechanical stimuli, osmotic pressure, and chemicals, and once activated, they trigger various intracellular responses by regulating the influx of Ca 2+ as a second messenger.…”