Promotion of the electrochemical hydrogenation of nitrobenzene at hydrogen storage alloys studied using a solid electrolyte method

Jiang, Junhua; Wu, Bin

doi:10.1007/s10800-005-9013-y

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…It is an advantageous design when the electrodes are catalytic, with the approach feeding strongly on fuel cell technology. The most common reaction is hydrogenation with substrates including decene, acetone, acetophenone, , unsaturated ketones, nitrobenzene, toluene, and edible oils (such as soybean oil). − Other electrosyntheses reported for SPE reactors include that of N -acetyl- l -cysteine and p -methoxybenzaldehyde, as well as the Kolbe reaction …”

Section: Pseudo-parallel Plate Cells With Flow and Electrolyte Recyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Electrolysis Cells for the Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory

2017

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Electrosynthesis has much to offer to the synthetic organic chemist. But in order to be widely accepted as a routine procedure in an organic synthesis laboratory, electrosynthesis needs to be presented in a much more user-friendly way. The literature is largely based on electrolysis in a glass beaker or H-cells that often give poor performance for synthesis with a very slow rate of conversion and, often, low selectivity and reproducibility. Flow cells can lead to much improved performance. Electrolysis is participating in the trend toward continuous flow synthesis, and this has led to a number of innovations in flow cell design that make possible selective syntheses with high conversion of reactant to product with a single passage of the reactant solution through the cell. In addition, the needs of the synthetic organic chemist can often be met by flow cells operating with recycle of the reactant solution. These cells give a high rate of product formation while the reactant concentration is high, but they perform best at low conversion. Both approaches are considered in this review and the important features of each cell design are discussed. Throughout, the application of the cell designs is illustrated with syntheses that have been reported.

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Section: Pseudo-parallel Plate Cells With Flow and Electrolyte Recyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Electrolysis Cells for the Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory

2017

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12] With the aim to produce aniline through a more sustainable process, we focus on the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene, working under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure. [13] The electrochemical reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline is a complex reaction that takes place through 3-steps, involving 6 electrons and 6 protons that may yield to other side-reactions as shown in Figure 1. Each step involves the insertion of 2eand 2H + species in the NO 2 group of the molecule until leading to the complete substitution of the oxygens by hydrogen atoms, with the formation of one molecule of aniline and two molecules of water.…”

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confidence: 99%

Role of Pd in the Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene Using CuPd Electrodes

Carvajal

Arcas

Mesa

et al. 2022

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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store energy due to its high-density energy per weight unit. [3] Additionally, the reduction of CO 2 , to energy-rich chemicals (CO, formic acid, methane, methanol, etc.), has been recently gaining increasing attention these days. In this line, there are other alternative chemical transformations, such as the synthesis of products for the chemical industry, which despite being much less developed, [4] may present an intrinsic economical interest. [5] An interesting transformation for the chemical industry is the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline, a species widely employed as building block for the production of dyes, explosives, pesticides and drugs. [6] Traditionally, the production of aniline has been achieved by organic synthesis using homogeneous catalysis, [7] heterogeneous catalysis, [8] photocatalysis, [9] photoelectrocatalysis, [10] as well as biocatalysis.. [11] In the industry, the standard method to synthesize aniline is the catalytic vapour-phase hydrogenation using fixed-bed or fluidized-bed vapor-phase processes. For example, in the industrial procedure developed by Bayer, nitrobenzene and hydrogen are mixed at 100-700 kPa (in 1:120 molar ratio) and injected into a reactor that contains Pd on activated charcoal as catalyst. This process requires initial thermal activation of 250-300 °C. [12] With the aim to produce aniline through a more sustainable process, we focus on the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene, working under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure. [13] The electrochemical reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline is a complex reaction that takes place through 3-steps, involving 6 electrons and 6 protons that may yield to other side-reactions as shown in Figure 1. Each step involves the insertion of 2eand 2H + species in the NO 2 group of the molecule until leading to the complete substitution of the oxygens by hydrogen atoms, with the formation of one molecule of aniline and two molecules of water. During the electro-reduction, two intermediate species, namely, nitrosobenzene and phenylhydroxylamine are formed. [14] To reach an effective reduction and hydrogenation, this organic transformation requires the formation (and stabilization) [15] of abundant H * radicals in the electrode surface. This requirement highlights the importance of developing materials capable of producing H * in order to succeed in this electro-transformation.Interest in the electrochemical reduction of organic compounds as an alternative to hydrogen electrosynthesis is driven, among other reasons, by the fact that the products obtained in this process may have more economic value than H 2 . Furthermore, the technique, coupled with renewable sources of electricity, may open the door for large volume green chemical synthesis. In the present article, the electrochemical reduction and hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline at neutral pH is focused upon, using copper electrodes with and without palladium decoration. Both electrodes present good activity, with a decrease in the overpotential for ni...

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Promotion of the electrochemical hydrogenation of nitrobenzene at hydrogen storage alloys studied using a solid electrolyte method

Cited by 2 publications

References 25 publications

Flow Electrolysis Cells for the Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory

Flow Electrolysis Cells for the Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory

Role of Pd in the Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene Using CuPd Electrodes

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