Promotion of embryogenesis in cultured megagametophytes of <i>Larix</i><i>decidua</i>

Aderkas, Patrick von; Bonga, J. M.; Nagmani, R.

doi:10.1139/x87-200

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The mass of proliferating embryogenic tissue is often referred to as embryogenic callus, but due to the organised nature of conifer cultures, many researchers of conifer somatic embryogenesis now tend to avoid the term "callus", preferring "embryogenic tissues", "embryonal suspensor masses", or "immature somatic embryos". Induction of haploid embryogenesis in conifers has been achieved only from female megagametophyte tissues (Nagmani & Bonga 1985;von Aderkas et al 1987von Aderkas et al , 1990. Both haploid and diploid embryogenic tissues are capable of continued embryo proliferation, and even liquid cultures have remained embryogenic following continuous culture for more than one year.…”

Section: Somatic Embryogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryogeny of gymnosperms: advances in synthetic seed technology of conifers

Attree

Fowke

1993

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

295

130

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Synthetic seed technology requires the inexpensive production of large numbers of high-quality somatic embryos. Proliferating embryogenic cultures from conifers consist of immature embryos, which undergo synchronous maturation in the presence of abscisic acid and elevated osmoticum. Improvements in conifer somatic embryo quality have been achieved by identifying the conditions in vitro that resemble the conditions during in ovulo development of zygotic embryos. One normal aspect of zygotic embryo development for conifers is maturation drying, which allows seeds to be stored and promotes normal germination. Conditions of culture are described that yield mature conifer somatic embryos that possess normal storage proteins and fatty acids and which survive either partial drying, or full drying to moisture contents similar to those achieved by mature dehydrated zygotic embryos. Large numbers of quiescent somatic embryos can be produced throughout the year and stored for germination in the spring, which simplifies production and provides plants of uniform size. This review focuses on recent advances in conifer somatic embryogenesis and synthetic seed technology, particularly in areas of embryo development, maturation drying, encapsulation and germination. Comparisons of conifer embryogeny are made with other gymnosperms and angiosperms.Abbreviations: ABA-abscisic acid, LEA-late embryogenesis abundant, PEG-polyethylene glycol, PGR-plant growth regulator, RH-relative humidity, TAG-triacylglycerol

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Section: Somatic Embryogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryogeny of gymnosperms: advances in synthetic seed technology of conifers

Attree

Fowke

1993

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

295

130

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“…Mechanical isolation of immature zygotic embryos and heterotrophic culture condition alone were sufficient for somatic embryogenesis in Pinus sylvestris, P. pinaster (Lelu et al 1999) and Auraucaria angustifolia (Silveira et al 2000). for megagametophytes of Larix decidua (v. Aderkas et al 1987) and on zygotic embryos of Cupressus sempervirens (Lambardi 2000). In conifers, it was sufficient for onset of somatic embryogenesis in a few cases only, e.g.…”

Section: Somatic Embryogenesis Is Still Restricted To Juvenile Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Tissue Culture

Laimer¹,

Rücker²

2003

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PrefaceOn February 6 th , 1902 appeared Gottlieb Haberlandts publication on "Culturversuche mit isolierten Pflanzenzellen" by the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna, Austria. This paper contains Haberlandt's vision on the totipotency of plant cells, an idea with worldwide dimensions representing the actual beginning of tissue culture. When Haberlandt started culturing isolated plant cells in artificial nutrient media, he was mainly interested in cell to cell relationships within a complex multicellular organism. Haberlandt had studied the physiology of the plant tissues for a long time, and such profound dedication allowed him to understand the connection between physiology and anatomy. On that basis he has been able to make such a daring vision.In fact, it was only in 1912 that A Carrel succeeded in establishing the first animal cell cultures -which was awarded a Nobel prize -and in 1934 and 1939 respectively, the first plant tissue cultures were achieved by P.A White, R.J. Gautheret and P. Nobecourt. Commercial applications of plant tissue culture followed only in the seventies. We consider this an excellent example for the time frame required from a vision to its realisation and further to its development and broad range application.We take this anniversary also as an opportunity to remind all of us, that for developing ideas time is needed together with right conditions and atmosphere. Universities in the past used to provide, what now we are risking to lose with our hectic life style and short-term planning.This book pays homage to a great Austrian scientist, describing his life and his work and the further development, success and application of his idea. Most students and scientists relate the name Haberlandt with the first lectures of plant tissue culture. But only few are acquainted with the original pieces of work, which apart from their scientific interest are true artistic masterpieces. That is why the first part of the book contains a facsimile of the original paper and its first translation into English by AD. Krikorian and D.L. Berquam in 1969. Furthermore we find it worthwhile to pay some closer attention to the way experiments were planned, carried out and evaluated by Haberlandt in his time.It was also our intention to show the development which the initial idea has made in the past spreading into the various methods and fields of application. The second and third part of the book describe Haberlandt's life and work and historical aspects of the development of plant tissue culture in the beginnings. Who could give a better glance into the early days of plant tissue culture than R.J. Gautheret? It was from his laboratory in Paris that the senior editor brought this technique and knowledge to Vienna and established this field of Preface research here in Austria. The forth part of the book contains an overview of important topics of plant tissue culture representing the most promising areas of application at present time and giving an outlook into the future. The areas range from micropropagati...

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“…The cultures are able to regenerate from disorganized callus to form embryoids of increasing complexity and finally even to germinate (25,34,35).…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Relation Parameters of Embryogenic Cultures and Seedlings of Larch

Livingston

Aderkas²,

Fuchs³

et al. 1992

Plant Physiol.

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Changes in the water relations parameters of developing somatic embryogenic and xygotic European larch (Larix decidua) were studied. Water release curves were generated by suspending tissue samples over unsaturated NaCI solutions until they reached vapor equilibration with the surrounding air. Twenty solutions were used whose water potentials ranged from -0.05 to -10 MPa. Water release curves were obtained by plotting paired values of tissue relative water content (RWC) and solution potential. Curves were derived for embryonic larch at various stages of development and for hypocotyls and roots from germinated zygotic and somatic embryos. The ability to resist dehydration increased markedly with development. Stage 1 tissue, which consisted of clusters of loosely associated nonchlorophyllous cells, had extremely low bulk elastic modulus (e) (1.91 MPa) and apoplastic water content (A) (0.023), relatively high osmotic potential (war) , and lost turgor at 0.56 RWC. In contrast, mature embryoids with primary roots, hypocotyl, and cotyledons (stage 3) had an almost 4-fold increase in A (0.089), significantly higher (3.49 MPa), and lower *,I (-0.88 MPa) and lost turgor at 0.66 RWC. Hypocotyl tissue from germinated somatic embryos lost turgor at 0.74 RWC and had higher E, A, and solute accumulation than pregerminated tissue. Hypocotyl tissue resisted dehydration more strongly than root tissue, and differences between root and hypocotyl water relation parameters were more pronounced in xygotic than in somatic seedlings. Highest dehydration resistance was in zygotic hypocotyls. The characterization of the water relations of tissue cultures should allow the development of more consistent and reliable desiccation protocols to induce maturation of embryos and produce synchronously germinating seed.Cultured cells are usually characterized by their morphological, ultrastructural, and biochemical traits. Generally, their physiological characteristics, in particular their water relations, receive much less attention (29) in spite of the obvious influence that the culture media must have on tissue water potential.Cultured cells are typically grown in a medium with a low *,, resulting from high concentrations of salts, organic nitrogen sources, and sugars. These potentials, which are lower than those encountered by roots in soil, may be critical in determining cell growth and differentiation. To date, few l Abbreviations: T,, osmotic potential; c, bulk elastic modules; A, apoplastic water content; I, water potential; RWC, relative water content.

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Promotion of embryogenesis in cultured megagametophytes of Larixdecidua

Cited by 33 publications

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Embryogeny of gymnosperms: advances in synthetic seed technology of conifers

Embryogeny of gymnosperms: advances in synthetic seed technology of conifers

Plant Tissue Culture

Water Relation Parameters of Embryogenic Cultures and Seedlings of Larch

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