Promoting Sustainable Agriculture: Approaches for Mitigating Soil Salinity Challenges: A ReviewPromoting Sustainable Agriculture: Approaches for Mitigating Soil Salinity Challenges: A Review

Abstract

Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress which limits the agricultural productivity throughout the world. Anthropogenic strategies play a vital role in mitigating soil salinity and restoring soil health. These strategies encompass physical, chemical and biological processes, each targeting different aspects of soil salinity management. Physical processes involve the manipulation of soil and water properties to minimize salt accumulation. Improved irrigation techniques, such as drip irrigation and sprinkler systems, optimize water distribution and minimize salt buildup. Efficient drainage systems prevent waterlogging and facilitate salt leaching. Chemical processes focus on modifying the soil environment through amendments, such as gypsum and organic matter additions, to enhance soil structure, nutrient availability and salt displacement. These processes improve soil quality and salt management. Biological processes exploit the capabilities of halophytes, salt-tolerant plant species, to reduce soil salinity by accumulating salts in their tissues. Microbial inoculants or biofertilizers containing beneficial microorganisms enhance nutrient cycling, soil structure and plant tolerance to salinity. The integration of physical, chemical and biological processes offers a comprehensive approach to soil salinity mitigation. By combining these strategies, researchers and practitioners can develop tailored management plans that address site-specific conditions and crop requirements. Successful implementation of anthropogenic strategies can lead to sustainable solutions for soil salinity, improving agricultural productivity and promoting the long-term health of soil ecosystems. This comprehensive review provides insights into the latest research trends and advancements in anthropogenic strategies for mitigating soil salinity, contributing to the development of effective and sustainable approaches for soil salinity management.