Promoting Motor Cortical Plasticity with Acute Aerobic Exercise: A Role for Cerebellar Circuits

Mang, Cameron S.; Brown, Katlyn E.; Neva, Jason L.; Snow, Nicholas J.; Campbell, Kristin L.; Boyd, Lara A.

doi:10.1155/2016/6797928

Cited by 53 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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Section: Effect Of Sport Expertise (Long-term Effect)supporting

confidence: 94%

“…This demonstrates that the TKD practitioners had adapted to producing very intense efforts and responding rather quickly. Our results also accord with those of other studies; for example, Mang et al 33 found that high-intensity aerobic exercise induces increased plasticity in the M1 area.It is also important to highlight the effect of the space of the game arena on facial-recognition capacity. According to the rules of the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF), the surface of the game mat is 64m 2 (8m × 8m), and each time a fighter leaves this combat area they are given a warning (the deduction of a point).…”

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confidence: 94%

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Motor Resonance is Sensitive to Long but not Short Modulations of Physical Exercise

MKaouer¹

2017

MOJSM

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the mutual effect experience in a type of sport and the exertion of various levels of physical exercise have on the ability to recognize and decode others' facial expressions. Twenty-one taekwondo athletes and 17 soccer players participated in this study. Each of these participants performed a facialrecognition task while running on treadmill, with the task being performed at five different running speeds (i.e., at rest, 60%, 80%, 100%, and 120% of maximal aerobic speed). The results of this study revealed that the participants' motor resonance increased with greater effort produced. It also revealed that the practitioners of the fighting sport (taekwondo) were systemically faster and more accurate in terms of recognizing facial expressions than the practitioners of the team sport (soccer). The fighters' advantage over the collective sports practitioners in regard to recognition performance was mainly present at conditions involving higher intensities of effort. In conclusion, our study reveals that expertise in fighting sports, which require precise decoding of opponents' emotional states, is associated with enhanced ability to recognize facial expressions.Keywords: facial recognition, neural plasticity, physical effort, soccer, taekwondo MOJ Sports Medicine Research Article Open AccessMotor resonance is sensitive to long but not short modulations of physical exercise different levels of physical effort. An additional investigation here was to verify whether the impact of the short-term effect is modulated by the impact of the long-term effect. Methods ParticipantsTwenty-one expert taekwondo athletes (TKD, age 22±1 years; height 1.70±0.07m; body mass 70.1±7.5kg) and 17 soccer players (SOC, age 23±1years; height 1.70±0.03m; body mass 72.9±3 .7kg) participated in this study. Only TKD and SOC players with at least 10 years of experience in their respective sports and who participate regularly in national and international competition were included. Further, all participants were right-handed and possessed normal vision. All participants were volunteers and were informed of the procedures, methods, benefits, and possible risks involved in the study, and a written consent form was obtained from each. The experimental protocol was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki concerning human experimentation and was approved by the local ethical committee (decision number: 052/17). The experiment was conducted during the regular sports season, four to five months after the start of the competitive period; the participants were asked to maintain their regular training schedules throughout the experimental period (Table 1). Experimental design and procedures Physiological measuresThe participants underwent seven assessment sessions. In the first session, participants were provided complete information concerning the equipment and testing procedures that would be used and gave their consent to participate to this study; we also recorded their anthropomorphic and d...

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Section: Effect Of Sport Expertise (Long-term Effect)supporting

confidence: 94%

supporting

confidence: 94%

Motor Resonance is Sensitive to Long but not Short Modulations of Physical Exercise

MKaouer¹

2017

MOJSM

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“…67,68 Investigation into the effects of aerobic exercise on the motor system has recently been initiated to expand upon the current understanding of the impact of exercise on cognitive function and overall brain health. 31,55,72 Studies have reported increased cerebellar excitability and cortical plasticity [73][74][75] as well as improved motor skill acquisition 76 and retention 73,77 when motor learning was paired with a single bout of high-intensity aerobic exercise in healthy control subjects. One of these studies 73 demonstrated that the high-intensity exercise was able to facilitate…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Intensity Locomotor Exercise Increases Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Individuals with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Leech

Hornby

2017

Journal of Neurotrauma

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High-intensity locomotor exercise is suggested to contribute to improved recovery of locomotor function after neurological injury. This may be secondary to exercise-intensity-dependent increases in neurotrophin expression demonstrated previously in control subjects. However, rigorous examination of intensity-dependent changes in neurotrophin levels is lacking in individuals with motor incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of locomotor exercise intensity on peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in individuals with incomplete SCI. We also explored the impact of the Val66Met single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the BDNF gene on intensity-dependent changes. Serum concentrations of BDNF and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), as well as measures of cardiorespiratory dynamics, were evaluated across different levels of exercise intensity achieved during a graded-intensity, locomotor exercise paradigm in 11 individuals with incomplete SCI. Our results demonstrate a significant increase in serum BDNF at high, as compared to moderate, exercise intensities (p = 0.01) and 15 and 30 min post-exercise (p < 0.01 for both), with comparison to changes at low intensity approaching significance (p = 0.05). Serum IGF-1 demonstrated no intensity-dependent changes. Significant correlations were observed between changes in BDNF and specific indicators of exercise intensity (e.g., rating of perceived exertion; R = 0.43; p = 0.02). Additionally, the data suggest that Val66Met SNP carriers may not exhibit intensity-dependent changes in serum BDNF concentration. Given the known role of BDNF in experience-dependent neuroplasticity, these preliminary results suggest that exercise intensity modulates serum BDNF concentrations and may be an important parameter of physical rehabilitation interventions after neurological injury.

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“…Acute exercise can also enhance the immediate induction of markers of brain plasticity. More specifically, a single 20-30-min bout of moderate and high intensity aerobic exercise led to a transient decrease in short-interval intracortical inhibition and M1 excitability, which are indicators of plasticity in the motor cortex (Smith et al, 2014;Mang et al, 2016a;Singh et al, 2016;Neva et al, 2017). Exercise-induced plasticity has been linked to improvements in cognitive function, such as processing speed (Singh et al, 2016).…”

Section: Plasticity and Neurotrophic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Aerobic Exercise Based Cognitive and Motor Priming: Practical Applications and Mechanisms

et al. 2019

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Acute exercise stimulates brain regions involved in motor and cognitive processes. Recent research efforts have explored the benefits of aerobic exercise on brain health and cognitive functioning with positive results reported for both healthy and neurocognitively impaired individuals. Specifically, exercise positioned near therapeutic (both behavioral and physical) activities may enhance outcomes associated with treatment outcomes (e.g., depression or motor skill) through neural plasticity promoting mechanisms (e.g., increased brain flow and oxygenation). This approach has been termed "exercise priming" and is a relatively new topic of exploration in the fields of exercise science and motor control. The authors report on physiological mechanisms that are related to the priming effect. In addition, parameters related to the exercise bout (e.g., intensity, duration) and the idea of combining exercise and therapeutic rehabilitation are explored. This exercise-based priming concept has the potential to be applied to many areas such as education, cognitive therapy, and motor rehabilitation.

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Promoting Motor Cortical Plasticity with Acute Aerobic Exercise: A Role for Cerebellar Circuits

Cited by 53 publications

References 61 publications

Motor Resonance is Sensitive to Long but not Short Modulations of Physical Exercise

Motor Resonance is Sensitive to Long but not Short Modulations of Physical Exercise

High-Intensity Locomotor Exercise Increases Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Individuals with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Acute Aerobic Exercise Based Cognitive and Motor Priming: Practical Applications and Mechanisms

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