Promoting Healthy Growth or Feeding Obesity? The Need for Evidence-Based Oversight of Infant Nutritional Supplement Claims

Abstract

The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) model recognizes growth in infancy and childhood as a fundamental determinant of lifespan health. Evidence of long-term health risks among small neonates who subsequently grow rapidly poses a challenge for interventions aiming to support healthy growth, not merely drive weight gain. Defining healthy growth beyond “getting bigger” is essential as infant and young child feeding industries expand. Liquid-based nutritional supplements, originally formulated for undernourished children, are increasingly marketed for and consumed by children generally. Clarifying the nature of the evidentiary base on which structure/function claims promoting “healthy growth” are constructed is important to curb invalid generalizations. Evidence points to changing social beliefs and cultural practices surrounding supplementary feeding, raising specific concerns about the long-term health consequences of an associated altered feeding culture, including reduced dietary variety and weight gain. Reassessing the evidence for and relevance of dietary supplements’ “promoting healthy growth” claims for otherwise healthy children is both needed in a time of global obesity and an opportunity to refine intervention approaches among small children for whom rapid subsequent growth in early life augments risk for chronic disease. Scientific and health care partnerships are needed to consider current governmental oversight shortfalls in protecting vulnerable populations from overconsumption. This is important because we may be doing more harm than good.

Relationship between dietary patterns and stunting in preschool children: a cohort analysis from Kwale, Kenya

“…A sensitivity to food intake of children in this age range has also been reported for child obesity, 19,20 although similar reports about stunting are limited. 21 The nutritional sensitivity for both stunting and obesity can be explained by the enhanced degree of child growth during these months of age.…”

Promoting Healthy Weight for All Young Children: A Mixed Methods Study of Child and Family Health Nurses’ Perceptions of Barriers and How to Overcome Them.

“…Feeding practices in early infancy are critical. Obesity risk is associated with the use of infant formula instead of breastfeeding, shorter durations of breastfeeding, early or late introduction of solids (before four or after seven months) and use of follow-up and toddler formula [1,[8][9][10]. Breastfeeding may protect against overweight and obesity [11,12], through its nutritional components and because this mode of nutrition encourages self-regulation and avoids overfeeding [13].…”

Promoting healthy weight for all young children: a mixed methods study of child and family health nurses’ perceptions of barriers and how to overcome them

“…Feeding practices in early infancy are critical. Obesity risk is associated with the use of infant formula instead of breastfeeding, shorter durations of breastfeeding, early or late introduction of solids (before four or after 7 months) and use of follow-up and toddler formula [1,[8][9][10]. Breastfeeding may protect against overweight and obesity [11,12], through its nutritional components and because this mode of nutrition encourages selfregulation and avoids overfeeding [13].…”