Promoting forgiveness: Characteristics of the treatment, the clients, and their interaction.

Wade, Nathaniel G.; Cornish, Marilyn A.; Tucker, Jeritt R.; Worthington, Everett L.; Sandage, Steven J.; Rye, Mark S.

doi:10.1037/cou0000260

Cited by 25 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Those in the REACH Forgiveness intervention reported greater improvements, compared to controls, in forgiveness, as well as, relationship quality, empathy, and negative mood across 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up assessments (Worthington et al, 2015). Again, similar to the present findings, a recent RCT with 162 middle-aged adults comparing a 12hour, in-person, REACH Forgiveness group condition to a 12-hour, in-person, process group therapy condition and a wait-list control showed that the REACH Forgiveness group condition was better than the wait-list condition at reducing unforgiveness and rumination and increasing empathy and benevolence at mid-, and post-intervention and 6-month followup assessments, but REACH Forgiveness was equally effective as process group therapy focused on forgiveness on these same outcomes (Wade et al, 2018). Furthermore, several other studies have evaluated the REACH Forgiveness program using 6 to 13 h in-person trainings, downloadable workbooks, and online materials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…It showed benefits only for empathy (Nation et al, 2018). Thus it is important to determine whether REACH Forgiveness methods are capable of generating not only benefits to forgiveness and unforgiveness, but also other closely related outcomes (e.g., involving emotional expressivity and mood and also self-esteem) that have been shown to be positively affected in United States samples (Sandage and Worthington, 2010;Sandage et al, 2015;Worthington et al, 2015;Wade et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of the REACH Forgiveness Intervention in Indian College Students

et al. 2020

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The present study investigated the efficacy of the REACH Forgiveness psychoeducation program for the first time in Indian college students and examined theoreticallybased predictors of program response based on the model of relational spirituality and forgiveness. This was an intervention experiment that spanned 5 weeks and included three measurement occasions (weeks 1, 3, 5) and two separate deliveries of the forgiveness intervention (weeks 2 and 4). Participants were N = 124 students at Karnatak University in Darwha, India (100 Hindu; 18 Muslim, 5 Christian, and 1 Jain). This was a manualized, secular intervention led by a trained facilitator in a group, psychoeducational format. Measures included forgiveness and unforgiveness as well as assessments of positive and negative affective states and spirituality. Participants who received immediate forgiveness training showed significant and large positive changes in forgiveness and unforgiveness, as well as, more positive affect and increased selfesteem in contrast to wait-list comparisons. Perceiving one's offender as having a similar spirituality to oneself was a consistent predictor of response to the REACH Forgiveness program. Specifically, perceiving the offender as having a similar spirituality was related to less growth of unforgiveness and more growth in empathy, positive affect, and emotional forgiveness as a result of the psychoeducational program. The REACH Forgiveness psychoeducational approach is efficacious in an Indian college student sample, and some relational spirituality variables are important predictors of response to the program. Future studies should consider the role of Indian culture in promoting forgiveness and possibly tailor the intervention to suit the significant proportions of Hindus and Muslims in India.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of the REACH Forgiveness Intervention in Indian College Students

et al. 2020

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“…In a RCT of 145 newly married couples, individuals in nine-hour, in-person, REACH Forgiveness program delivered in couple counseling reported greater improvements, compared to controls, in forgiveness, as well as relationship quality, empathy, negative mood, coded behavior, and salivary cortisol across 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up assessments (Worthington et al, 2015). Recently, a RCT with 162 middle-aged adults comparing a 12-hour, in-person, REACH Forgiveness group condition to a 12-hour, in-person, Yalom-based process group therapy condition and a wait-list control showed that the REACH Forgiveness psychoeducational group condition was better than the wait-list condition at reducing unforgiveness and rumination and increasing empathy and benevolence at pre-, mid-, and post-intervention and six-month follow-up assessments, but REACH Forgiveness was no more effective than the process group therapy for these same outcomes (Wade et al, 2018).…”

Section: Reach Forgiveness Efficacy Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Almost all intervention studies have compared one treatment to either an assessment-only, waiting list, or alternative treatment that is not necessarily aimed primarily at promoting forgiveness (like relaxation training). Two noted exceptions exist (Hart & Shapiro, 2002; Wade et al, 2018). This is a third.…”

Section: Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting Forgiveness at a Christian College: A Comparison of the REACH Forgiveness and Forgive for Good Methods

Toussaint

Griffin

Worthington

et al. 2020

Journal of Psychology and Theology

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The present study is the first randomized, controlled trial comparing REACH Forgiveness and Forgive for Good, two of the most commonly used approaches to promote forgiveness. Additionally, the combined effects of psychoeducation and a community forgiveness intervention were examined. Psychoeducation participants were 99 Luther College students randomly assigned to six hours of one of two types of forgiveness training led by undergraduate facilitators or a control condition. The community forgiveness intervention involved campus-wide modifications to the environment that were difficult for most students to not notice. Unforgiveness and forgiveness were measured at pre-, post-intervention, and two-month follow-up. Both forgiveness groups reported decreased unforgiveness and increased forgiveness pre- to post-intervention, and these gains were maintained at follow-up. Both methods were found to be equally effective, can be taught by undergraduates, and were effective in tandem with a community intervention.

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“…Although Njus and Okerstrom (2016) found among their sample that romantic avoidance was only negatively and weakly predictive of in-group loyalty, friendship avoidance and God-attachment avoidance were both negatively and weakly associated with individuating morals. Additionally, avoidant attachment style has also been found to be predictive of less forgiveness (e.g., Davis et al, 2008; Wade et al, 2018).…”

Section: Moral Foundations Theory and Unforgivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test of the Social Buffering Hypothesis in the Context of Religious Disagreements

McLaughlin

Shodiya-Zeumault

McElroy‐Heltzel

et al. 2019

Journal of Psychology and Theology

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This article examines the social buffering hypothesis of cultural humility in the context of religious offenses. In this study, participants ( N = 244) rated their cultural humility in terms of differing religious values and beliefs as well as their moral foundations in determining what is right or wrong. They then recalled an offense or hurt attributed to religious disagreements and indicated their motivations for forgiving the offender. Lower endorsement of individuating moral foundations predicted greater unforgiveness; however, cultural humility softened this relationship between individuating moral foundations and unforgiveness. When cultural humility was higher, participants were less likely to report unforgiveness motivations toward the religious offender, even if their individuating moral foundation scores were lower. Results from this study support the social buffering hypothesis of humility. Namely, individuals with higher levels of cultural humility demonstrate a greater capacity to maintain relationships during stressful religious disagreements by regulating intuitive and affective moral positions, particularly those that have previously been linked to social dominance or moral disinterest. We conclude this study by discussing limitations, practical applications, and areas for future research.

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Promoting forgiveness: Characteristics of the treatment, the clients, and their interaction.

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Efficacy of the REACH Forgiveness Intervention in Indian College Students

Efficacy of the REACH Forgiveness Intervention in Indian College Students

Promoting Forgiveness at a Christian College: A Comparison of the REACH Forgiveness and Forgive for Good Methods

Test of the Social Buffering Hypothesis in the Context of Religious Disagreements

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