Promoting Development in Shared River Basins

Environmental Cooperation in Conflict Zones: Riparian Infrastructure at the Armenian–Turkish Border

“…They may also ask for the establishment of a mechanism that would guarantee that large storage and flow regulation of dam infrastructure be operated to mutual benefit. Thus, depending on the tools that are used, the costs of risk of harm may be turned into transboundary benefits (Leb, Henshaw, Iqbal, & Rehberger Bescos, 2018).…”

“…This may be the case where the mutual benefits that can be achieved through cooperation are greater than benefits that can be achieved through unilateral action. Hence, it is important that riparian countries cautiously examine the benefit and cost potential and identify suitable tools that can facilitate optimization of benefits, even when there is ingrained international conflict (Leb et al., 2018).…”

“…There is no recipe for cooperation on transboundary waters projects. In real life, there are numerous ways of cooperation that countries can undertake to their mutual advantage, each of which contains different costs and benefits (Leb et al., 2018). In fact, each basin is unique, and the type of proper cooperation should be considered accordingly (Leb et al., 2018).…”

“…In real life, there are numerous ways of cooperation that countries can undertake to their mutual advantage, each of which contains different costs and benefits (Leb et al., 2018). In fact, each basin is unique, and the type of proper cooperation should be considered accordingly (Leb et al., 2018). The appropriate type of cooperation depends on many factors, such as hydrological characteristics, the economics of cooperative investments, the number of interested or affected riparian countries, the costs of engaging, and any potential risks (Leb et al., 2018).…”

“…In fact, each basin is unique, and the type of proper cooperation should be considered accordingly (Leb et al., 2018). The appropriate type of cooperation depends on many factors, such as hydrological characteristics, the economics of cooperative investments, the number of interested or affected riparian countries, the costs of engaging, and any potential risks (Leb et al., 2018). According to Grey, Sadoff, and Connors (2016), these factors play a significant role for countries to determine whether they should cooperate.…”