Promoting Cooperation of Monitoring, Control, and Surveillance of IUU Fishing in the Asia-Pacific

Abstract

Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing is becoming a growing threat to sustainable fisheries and the economy worldwide. To solve this issue, various efforts on monitoring, control, and surveillance (MCS) have been made at the national, regional, and international levels. However, there is still the lack of measures against IUU fishing vessels at the multilateral level. Here, we assessed the situations of fisheries, and the current systems and challenges of MCS in eight Asia-Pacific countries with a focus on MCS of IUU fishing vessels at sea. Through a literature review and interviews, we confirmed that IUU fishing was linked with the status of fisheries in each country, and that each country implements various MCS measures with different emphases. However, there was a trend of enhancing or newly establishing four areas of MCS: vessel tracking, patrol, onboard observers, and port State measures, with amended or newly adopted laws. We also identified challenges of MCS such as insufficient MCS in coastal areas and fragmented cooperation among the countries. Based on our findings, we advance several recommendations including the enhancement of cooperation among stakeholders, especially fishers, for co-monitoring in coastal areas and the establishment of a communication platform for Asia-Pacific countries.

Facility Performance Evaluation at Fish Landing Port (PPI) Binuangeun Banten, Indonesia: What strategies can be applied?

“…In addition, 4) the development of training and education programs is carried out by providing training to businesses, fishermen, and related parties to increase understanding of the potential and optimal use of the facility and build awareness of the benefits of optimal utilization of the facility for local economic growth [45]; 5) the stimulation of partnerships and investment is carried out by encouraging partnerships between PPI Binuangeun, the local government, and the private sector to increase investment in facility development as well as providing https://ballisticsjournal.com incentives or facilities for investors who contribute to the increased utilization of facilities [44,46]; and 6) the development of a marketing and promotion plan is carried out by building a marketing plan to increase the visibility of PPI Binuangeun as a strategic port destination as well as exploring new market potential and establishing cooperation with relevant stakeholders [47][48][49][50][51]. Finally, 7) periodic evaluation and feedback are carried out by conducting periodic evaluations of the strategies implemented, measuring their impact on facility utilization, and collecting feedback from stakeholders to continuously improve and adjust the strategies [51][52][53].…”

Conflicts and Challenges of Sustainable Fisheries Governance Cooperation under the Securitization of the Maritime Commons

“…In sustainable fisheries governance, combating IUU fishing has a relatively complete international legal framework. The Pacific is one of the seas where IUU fishing occurs most frequently [62], and it is also the maritime commons most affected by securitization [50,[63][64][65]. Therefore, this section uses evidence from the Pacific to illustrate the impact of the securitization of the maritime commons on cooperation in combating IUU fishing.…”

Recommendations for Integrating Evidence-Based, Sustainable Diet Information into Nutrition Education

“…For instance, studies that have categorized seafood species on a nutrition-sustainability matrix have recognized small pelagic fish, such as herring and mackerel, as being both highly nutritious and highly sustainable [179,180]. Country of origin has been used as a proxy [181] to determine if the seafood product may have been produced via unethical practices, such as "Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated" fishing [182][183][184]. Production practices can refer to wild versus aquaculture seafood, as for some species there have been differences in sustainability between the two production types [185,186], or it can refer to the existence of specific fishing or aquaculture practices that can influence seafood sustainability, such as using gill nets [187] or giving aquaculture animals fishmeal as feed [188,189].…”

“…The literature suggests that the environmental impact of preparing food using basic, fresh ingredients has a lower environmental impact than purchasing ready-made meals [210], and that sustainable cooking methods favor the use of microwave ovens [206,210,211], pressure cooking [183], steaming [183], electric grilling [206,210], and the use of appliances specifically engineered to efficiently cook one specific food, such as pasta or rice [212,213], as opposed to the use of high-heat, conventional cooking methods. However, the purchase and replacement of these multiple appliances may lead to additional electronics waste, which has an undetermined impact on the environment.…”