“…Subsequent related research has focused on how to strengthen brand communities (e.g., McWilliam, 2000;McAlexander et al, 2002), religiosity (Mu iz and Schau, 2005), brand narratives (Schau and Muñiz, 2006), building membership (Devasagayam, 2010), value (Schau et al, 2009), counterbrand communities (Cova and White, 2010), person-brand fit (Matzler et al, 2011), and knowledge-sharing (Sloan et al, 2015) among other directions. Research into online brand communities has examined how to utilise them in product development (Kim and Bae, 2008); promote consumer participation (Casaló et al, 2008), and how consumers engage with the community (Lee et al, 2011;, Brodie et al, 2013;Baldus et al, 2015). Within sport, extensive empirical work has been carried out into brand communities, focusing on team and other group identities (Heere and James, 2007;Heere et al, 2011a;Heere et al, 2011b), new sport teams (Grant et al, 2011), brandfests (Woolf et al, 2013) and scale-free networks within a new brand community (Katz andHeere, 2013, 2015).…”