Objective:
An accidental fire that occurred in a hillside residential area
in the city of Nagasaki was evaluated to assess the challenges faced by communities
located on sloped terrains and to develop community-based support systems applicable to
such hillside residential areas.
Methods:
Community observations and key-informant interviews were performed
in the area affected by the fire. A self-administered questionnaire survey was also
conducted among residents of the affected area. Information obtained through community
observations of the fire-struck area and key-informant interviews was analyzed and
assessed using a two-dimensional (2D) framework.
Results:
According to community observations and key-informant interviews,
initial firefighting efforts were delayed due to lack of preparedness, in addition to
geographic factors such as narrow roads and outdoor staircases, which allowed the fire to
spread. The livelihood and health support measures for elderly residents requiring
evacuation assistance were also insufficient. A hospital neighboring the area affected by
the fire accident voluntarily provided some services to evacuees, but support from other
nearby organizations/institutions was either not available or not offered. According to
the questionnaire answers, elderly residents had little knowledge of the location and
proper use of fire hydrants in their area. In addition, 65% of the respondents had never
participated in disaster training exercises. From these results, the following three
points could be determined: 1) The geographic features of the hillside residential area
enhanced the spread of the fire. 2) The multi-sector support systems for evacuees were
inadequate, collaboration among the existing systems was insufficient, and the roles of
those systems were not fully clarified in advance. 3) Elderly residents in the hillside
residential area did not have sufficient the knowledge and/or ability to engage in fire
prevention activities and had inadequate firefighting skills.
Conclusions:
It is important to improve disaster preparedness knowledge and
training for local residents on ordinary times. Additionally, cross-sector collaborative
disaster response, harmonious management, and support systems must be ensured and
sustained before, during, and after disasters.