Promoting a Sustainable Energy Transition in Mexico: the Role of Solid Biofuels

Masera, Omar; Sacramento-Rivero, Julio C.

doi:10.1007/s12155-022-10540-z

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The model (4) corresponds to the execution element, where K E = 2 and T E = 360; the following (5) applies to the process with T p = 1143 s, K p = 1, and lastly for the temperature transducer (6), which is just a gain. With these three transfer functions, we must assure that the temperature of the tank remains at the same level as long as the vegetable oil and the methanol react so that the fatty acids methyl ester and glycerin are produced.…”

Section: Description Of Industrial Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Mexico, most of the energy demand is directed to the transportation sector, followed by the generation of heat and electricity. In both cases, the main source of energy comes from the burning of fossil materials, which corresponds to 60% of the total energy production [6]. Renewable sources only account for around 9% of the total production, with biodiesel covering 5% of it [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although political reforms and strategic plans have been implemented in order to reduce pollutant emissions into the atmosphere, even projecting that by 2024, 35% of the total energy production will come from renewable resources, there are several factors that have limited this progress [8], such as high production costs, the lack of an adequate infrastructure for the process, or the lack of incentives to develop those products [9]. Even with these limitations, biodiesel production has prospered, and various research studies regarding biodiesel production and its promotion in different applications have been developed in recent years [6,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature Control of a Chemical Reactor Based on Neuro-Fuzzy Tuned with a Metaheuristic Technique to Improve Biodiesel Production

Maya-Rodriguez,

Carvajal-Mariscal,

López-Muñoz

et al. 2023

Energies

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This work deals with the problem of choosing a controller for the production of biodiesel from the transesterification process through temperature control of the chemical reactor, from the point of view of automatic control, by considering such aspects as the performance metrics based on the error and the energy used by the controller, as well as the evaluation of the control system before disturbances. In addition, an improvement method is proposed via a neuro-fuzzy controller tuned with a metaheuristic algorithm to increase the efficiency of the chemical reaction in the reactor. A clear improvement is shown in the minimization of the integral of time multiplied squared error criterion (ITAE) performance index with respect to the proposed method (8.1657 ×104) in relation to the PID controller (7.8770 ×107). Moreover, the integral of the total control variation (TVU) performance index is also shown to evaluate the power used by the neuro-fuzzy controller (25.7697), while the PID controller obtains an index of (32.0287); this metric is especially relevant because it is related to the functional requirements of the system since it quantifies the variations of the control signal.

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Section: Description Of Industrial Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature Control of a Chemical Reactor Based on Neuro-Fuzzy Tuned with a Metaheuristic Technique to Improve Biodiesel Production

Maya-Rodriguez,

Carvajal-Mariscal,

López-Muñoz

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…A renewable raw material, wood is neutral in terms of emissions and ensures a sustainable supply because the CO 2 it produces is equivalent to the amount of energy retained in the plants [ 8 , 9 ]. Today, bioenergy is the main source of renewable energy, representing around 10% of global energy consumption and 77% of all forms of renewable energy; that is, biofuels and hydroelectric, solar, eolic, and geothermic energy [ 10 ]. Determining the chemical and energy properties of this biomass can be achieved using various techniques that evaluate its principal chemical components, but proximate analysis of lignocellulosic materials using routine gravimetric procedures require considerable care and time [ 9 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Energetic Characterization of the Wood of Prosopis laevigata: Chemical and Thermogravimetric Methods

Pintor-Ibarra,

Alvarado-Flores,

Rutiaga-Quiñones

et al. 2024

Molecules

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Diverse methodologies exist to determine the chemical composition, proximate analysis, and calorific value of biomass. Researchers select and apply a specific methodology according to the lignocellulosic material they study and the budgetary resources available. In this project, we determined the primary chemical constitution and proximate analysis of Prosopis laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl.) Jonhst wood using a traditional chemical method and a novel procedure based on the deconvolution of the DTG signal produced by TGA. The highest calorific value was verified using a calorimetric pump based on mathematical models. We also conducted elemental analysis and a microanalysis of ash, and applied Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis (FT-IR). The means of the results obtained by the chemical method and TGA-DTG, respectively, were: hemicelluloses 7.36%–(8.72%), cellulose 48.28%–(46.08%), lignin 30.57%–(32.44%), extractables 13.53%–(12.72%), moisture 2.03%–(4.96%), ash 1.77%–(1.90%), volatile matter 75.16%–(74.14%), and fixed carbon 23.05%–(18.93%). The procedure with the calorimetric pump generated a calorific value above 20.16 MJ/kg. The range generated by the various models was 18.23–21.07 MJ/kg. The results of the elemental analysis were: carbon 46.4%, hydrogen 6.79%, oxygen 46.43%, nitrogen 0.3%, and sulfur 0.5%. The microanalysis of ash identified 18 elements. The most abundant ones were potassium ˃ calcium ˃ sodium. Based on the infrared spectrum (FT-IR) of Prosopis laevigata wood, we detected the following functional groups: OH, C-H, C=O, CH2, CH3, C-O-C, C-OH, and C4-OH. Our conclusion is that the TGA-DTG method made it possible to obtain results in less time with no need for the numerous reagents that chemical procedures require. The calorific value of P. laevigata wood is higher than the standards. Finally, according to our results, proximate analysis provides the best model for calculating calorific value.

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“…Mexico is very rich in petroleum, which affects how energy is produced. Fossil fuels represent around 85% of the energy generated to meet energetic demands (Masera and Sacramento, 2022). Mexican crude oil reserves are decreasing for a country that depends so heavily on fossil fuels (Martínez Hernández and Aguilar, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy recovery from wastewater in Mexico: A systematic review

Ortiz-Sánchez

Cuevas-Rodríguez

2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The usage of fossil fuels to generate energy and the lack of wastewater treatment in Mexico are two issues that can be addressed at the same time while developing wastewater treatment technologies that incorporate energy recovery in their process train. We carried out a systematic review based on the PRISMA methodology to identify and review studies regarding energy recovery using wastewater as a substrate in Mexico. Peer-reviewed papers were identified through Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar, using a timeframe of 22 years that represented from 2000 to 2022. After applying the selection criteria, we identified 31 studies to be included in the final review, starting from 2007. The kind of energy product, type of technology used, substrate wastewater, amount of energy produced, and main parameters for the operation of the technology were extracted from the papers. The results show that methane is the most researched energy recovery product from wastewater, followed by hydrogen and electricity, and the technology used to archive it is an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor to produce methane and hydrogen. In addition, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were preferred to produce electricity. According to our data, more energy per kgCOD removed could be obtained with methane-recovering technologies in the Mexican peer-reviewed studies compared with hydrogen recovery and electricity production.

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Promoting a Sustainable Energy Transition in Mexico: the Role of Solid Biofuels

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Temperature Control of a Chemical Reactor Based on Neuro-Fuzzy Tuned with a Metaheuristic Technique to Improve Biodiesel Production

Temperature Control of a Chemical Reactor Based on Neuro-Fuzzy Tuned with a Metaheuristic Technique to Improve Biodiesel Production

Chemical and Energetic Characterization of the Wood of Prosopis laevigata: Chemical and Thermogravimetric Methods

Energy recovery from wastewater in Mexico: A systematic review

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