Promoter occlusion during ribosomal RNA transcription

Bateman, Erik; Paule, Marvin R.

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(88)90113-4

Cited by 114 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…co & Ju, 1984;Gay, Tybulewicz & Walker, 1986;Proudfoot, 1986;Bateman & Paule, 1988;Corbin & Maniatis, 1989(a, b); Wu et al, 1990) is observed if two promoters are tandemly arranged and if the transcript initiated at the upstream promoter comprises the downstream promoter.…”

Section: Interaction With P[wdl] P[w ~1mentioning

confidence: 99%

DrosophilaP element: Transposition, regulation and evolution

Coen

Lemaître

Delattre³

et al. 1994

Genetica

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Section: Interaction With P[wdl] P[w ~1mentioning

confidence: 99%

DrosophilaP element: Transposition, regulation and evolution

Coen

Lemaître

Delattre³

et al. 1994

Genetica

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“…Several mammalian rDNAs contain a Sal box (T0) upstream of the transcription start site (Grummt et al 1986;Labhart and Reeder 1986;Pfleiderer et al 1990). Such terminators seem to prevent transcriptional interference by terminating transcripts initiated in the IGS (Bateman and Paule 1988;Henderson et al 1989) and have been shown to stimulate transcription as well (Grummt et al 1986). Yeast rDNA also contains a T0 terminator, which is, however, in the wrong orientation to mediate termination (Fig.…”

Section: Rnapi Terminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcription termination by nuclear RNA polymerases

Richard

Manley²

2009

Genes Dev.

289

326

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Gene transcription in the cell nucleus is a complex and highly regulated process. Transcription in eukaryotes requires three distinct RNA polymerases, each of which employs its own mechanisms for initiation, elongation, and termination. Termination mechanisms vary considerably, ranging from relatively simple to exceptionally complex. In this review, we describe the present state of knowledge on how each of the three RNA polymerases terminates and how mechanisms are conserved, or vary, from yeast to human.

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“…A termination sequence upstream of the promoter stimulates transcription of a Xenopus rRNA gene even when no upstream transcription unit is present (24). What is not clear is whether the termination sequences immediately upstream of the promoter stimulate transcription by recycling RNA polymerase I from one gene to the next (7,28) or whether they are simply useful to protect the promoter from readthrough by rogue polymerase molecules that have escaped the upstream terminators (1,16) or that have initiated at a spacer promoter.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual enhancer function in yeast rRNA transcription.

Johnson

Warner

1989

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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The rRNA genes in most eucaryotic organisms are present in a tandem array. There is substantial evidence that transcription of one of these genes may not be independent of transcription of others. In particular, in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the enhancer of rRNA transcription that lies 2.2 kilobases 5' of the transcription initiation site is at least partly within the upstream transcription unit. The transcription by RNA polymerase II of a wide variety of genes is profoundly influenced by cis-acting short-nucleotide sequences called enhancer elements that can lie upstream or downstream of the transcription unit, at a distance of up to several kilobases. In many cases, the enhancer elements bind protein factors that are necessary for enhancer function. Although a number of models have been proposed (reviewed in reference 30), a clear understanding of enhancer function is not at hand.Two features distinguish rRNA genes from other genes in the eucaryotic cell. They are transcribed by a specific enzyme, RNA polymerase I, and they are arranged in a tandem array. This unique genetic structure has led to speculation that transcription of an individual gene is not independent of transcription of the neighboring genes; e.g., termination at one transcription unit may lead directly to initiation at the neighboring downstream promoter (7,12,15, 26).We have identified a sequence element, specific for RNA polymerase I, that has many of the characteristics of an RNA polymerase II enhancer (9, 10). In this paper, we explore aspects of the function of RNA polymerase I and its enhancer to ask about the parallels between polymerase I and polymerase II enhancers and about the importance of the tandemness of rRNA genes to polymerase I activity.Transcription by RNA polymerase I has been reviewed recently (38). The spacers between individual rRNA transcription units vary in length from 2 kilobase pairs (kb) (yeasts) to >30 kb (mammals). Within them are found a variety of sequence elements that influence the level of transcription. In Xenopus laevis, for example, these include several copies of a sequence closely related to the promoter, dubbed spacer promoters (6,7,22,23,29,33), each followed by about 10 copies of a 60-to 81-base-pair (bp) repeat, that behave in some respects like enhancer elements (22,23,29). The spacer promoters are curious because although they can give rise to transcripts and can stimulate transcription from an adjacent real promoter (6,7,29), the transcription from the spacer promoter seems not to be involved in this stimulation (7,25). Repetitive elements, some related to the promoter, have also been found in the nontranscribed spacer * Corresponding author. t Present address:

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Promoter occlusion during ribosomal RNA transcription

Cited by 114 publications

References 30 publications

DrosophilaP element: Transposition, regulation and evolution

DrosophilaP element: Transposition, regulation and evolution

Transcription termination by nuclear RNA polymerases

Unusual enhancer function in yeast rRNA transcription.

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