ProMMP-9 (92 kDa gelatinase) in vitreous fluid of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Induction of Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 following Stress to the Lens

“…Ten ml aliquots from the respective culture media were mixed with 5Â sample buffer and applied to each well of the gel. In some samples, gelatinases were chemically activated by incubation with 1 mM p-aminophenylmercuric acetate (APMA) at 378C for 2 hr, prior to analysis by zymography (Kosano et al, 1999). In order to aid clarity, these samples were concentrated ten-fold using a centrifuge membrane ®lter system (Orange Scienti®c, Belgium) before applying 12 ml to the gel.…”

“…The functional effects of these enzymes are often controlled by endogenous inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) (Basbaum and Werb, 1996). The most widely studied members of the MMP family in the eye are the gelatinases, and these are found in both the aqueous and vitreous humors and most ocular tissues including sclera, cornea, choroid, retina and trabecular meshwork (Huang et al, 1996;Smine and Plantner, 1997;Alexander, Samples and Acott, 1998;Ye and Azar, 1998;Kosano et al, 1999). Interestingly, during wound healing and in pathological conditions they have often been shown to be up-regulated.…”

“…Ye and Azar (1998) showed by immunolocalization that MMP-2 is present in normal and wounded cornea, however MMP-9 is only found in the wounded form and is exclusively localized to migrating epithelial cells at the leading edge. In the vitreous humor, MMP-2 is always present, but MMP-9 is primarily associated with pathological conditions such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy (Kosano et al, 1999).…”

The involvement of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in rat retinal ischemia

“…Increased activities of MMPs and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) have been amply demonstrated in the central nervous system [7,12,13,18,29,[31][32][33][34], myocardium [6,24,25,37], kidney [17] and other tissues [8,42]. In the eye, MMPs were shown to be involved in diseases related to ischemia such as diabetic retinopathy [10,20,26]. The increased activities of MMPs may reflect repair processes following necrosis and apoptosis [37], and their contribution to ischemic damage was recently suggested [17,24,42].…”

Activation of AP-1 and Increased Synthesis of MMP-9 in the Rabbit Retina Induced by Lipid Hydroperoxide

“…66 Moreover, in MMP-2 deficient mice, retinal vascular development and pathologic retinal angiogenesis are not impaired. 67 MMP-9 may be involved in progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy 68 and retinal ischemia-reperfusion. 61 Lambert et al noted mice deficient in MMP-9 expression had reduced levels of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization.…”