Promising Stem Cell therapy in the Management of HIV and AIDS: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Stem cell therapies are becoming a major topic in biomedical research all over the planet. It may be a viable treatment choice for people suffering from a wide range of illnesses and injuries. It has recently emerged as an extremely intriguing and well-established science and research topic. Expectations have risen due to advancements in therapeutic approaches. Multiple laboratory testing of regulated stem cell culture and derivation is carried out before the formation of stem cells for the use of therapeutic process. Whereas HIV infection is contagious and can last a lifetime. Researchers are still working to develop a comprehensive and effective treatment for HIV and its associated condition, as well as AIDS. HIV propagation is primarily restricted to the immune system, notably T lymphocytes, as well as macrophages. Large numbers of research studies have contributed to a plethora of data about the enigmatic AIDS life cycle. This vast amount of data provides potential targets for AIDS therapies. Currently, stem cell transplantation, along with other procedures, provided novel insights into HIV pathogenesis and offered a glimpse of hope for the development of a viable HIV cure technique. One of its existing focus areas in HIV and AIDS research is to develop a novel therapeutic strategic plan capable of providing life-long complete recovery of HIV and AIDS without regular drug treatment and, inevitably, curative therapy for HIV and AIDS. The current paper tries to address the possibilities for improved stem cell treatments with “bone marrow, Hematopoietic, human umbilical cord mesenchymal, Genetical modifications with CRISPR/Cas9 in combination of stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells applications” are discussed which are specifically applied in the HIV and AIDS therapeutic management advancement procedures.

Toward a cure – Advancing HIV/AIDs treatment modalities beyond antiretroviral therapy: A Review

“…More so, stem cell transplantation raises ethical questions, especially when using risky experimental techniques when safer alternatives are available. [50] Notwithstanding these obstacles, stem cell transplantation is still being investigated as a possible HIV treatment approach. Alternative stem cell sources, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and gene-editing methods to give transplanted cells HIV resistance are being studied in certain ongoing trials.…”

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation As A Potential Cure For HIV-1

“…Initial studies have used Zinc Finger Nucleases and TALENs gene-editing tools, but have presented many limitations, such as low gene editing efficiency, high offtarget rate, and costly vector construction [24]. Despite the presence of other gene-editing techniques, CRISPR has been proven to be the most reliable and effective method [25]. Over the past few years, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and the Cas9 protein have been used to modify genes in mammalian cells.…”

Mesenchymal Stem Cells and MSCs-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Infectious Diseases: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice

“…The main therapy strategy is aimed at reducing the number of replicating virus particles. As a result of its application, the destruction of HIV circulating in the blood occurs with the help of erythrocytes integrated with the CD4 receptor and chemokine receptors, which selectively bind circulating HIV particles [ 190 , 191 , 192 , 193 ].…”