Promising Role of Polylactic Acid as an Ingenious Biomaterial in Scaffolds, Drug Delivery, Tissue Engineering, and Medical Implants: Research Developments, and Prospective Applications

Abstract

In the present scenario, the research is now being focused on the naturally occurring polymers that can gradually replace the existing synthetic polymers for the development of bio composites having applications in medical surgeries and human implants. With promising mechanical properties and bio compatibility with human tissues, poly lactic acid (PLA) is now being viewed as a future bio material. In order to examine the applicability of PLA in human implants, the current article sheds light on the synthesis of PLA and its various copolymers used to alter its physical and mechanical properties. In the latter half, various processes used for the fabrication of biomaterials are discussed in detail. Finally, biomaterials that are currently in use in the field of biomedical (Scaffolding, drug delivery, tissue engineering, medical implants, derma, cosmetics, medical surgeries, and human implants) are represented with respective advantages in the sphere of biomaterials.

Design of Cell-Adhesive Shellac Derivatives and Endowment of Photoswitchable Cell-Adhesion Properties

“…We estimated the modification yields of each substituent by back-titrating the unreacted carboxylate with acid (TFA) or 1 H NMR, and we summarized the data in Table 1. The modified shellacs 1−7 were primarily assigned chemically using ESI-TOF-MS spectroscopy, 40 and the results are shown in Tables S1−S14 and Figures S1−S7.…”

“…For the development of biomaterials applicable to cell and tissue engineering, drug delivery vehicles, − and surgical implant scaffolds such as screws and plates, biocompatibility, adequate mechanical strength, and the ability to be molded into various 3D structures − are necessary. Additionally, in some cases biodegradability and bioerodibility are also desirable to ensure that no toxic decomposition residues remain after the scaffold degrades .…”

Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Porous Polymer-Blended Scaffolds Functionalized with Tricalcium Phosphate

“…In addition, PLA is considered to be a thermally stable, biocompatible, and non-inflammatory material with nontoxic degradation products [ 1 ]. However, due to features such as low heat resistance or low strength, its applications are restricted [ 11 ]. To overcome the limitations mentioned, it is possible to combine PLA with different materials, such as ceramics, or to blend it with other polymers [ 12 , 13 ].…”

The Structural, Thermal and Morphological Characterization of Polylactic Acid/Β-Tricalcium Phosphate (PLA/Β-TCP) Composites upon Immersion in SBF: A Comprehensive Analysis

“…Polylactic acid (PLA) is a thermoplastic polymer derived from various natural resources such as corn starch, sugarcane, biomass, and other vegetable wastes through fermentation [ 1 ]. Because PLA is biodegradable, it has a broad range of applications, particularly in the fields of orthopedics, craniofacial surgery, and bone grafts [ 2 ].…”