Promising Cell-Based Therapy for Bone Regeneration Using Stem Cells from Deciduous Teeth, Dental Pulp, and Bone Marrow

Abstract

We attempted to regenerate bone in a significant osseous defect with various stem cells from deciduous teeth, extracted from puppies, and grafted them into a parent canine mandible as an allograft, parent dental pulp, and bone marrow by tissue engineering and regenerative medicine technology using platelet-rich plasma as an autologous scaffold and signal molecules. Initially, teeth were extracted from a child and parent hybrid canine mandible region and bone marrow (canine mesenchymal stem cells; cMSCs), and parent teeth (canine dental pulp stem cells; cDPSCs), and stem cells were extracted from deciduous teeth (puppy deciduous teeth stem cells; pDTSCs). After 4 weeks, bone defects were prepared on both sides of the mandible with a trephine bar. Graft materials were implanted into these defects: 1) control (defect only), 2) plateletrich plasma (PRP), 3) cMSCs/PRP, 4) cDPSCs/PRP, and 5) pDTSCs/PRP to investigate the effect of stem cells. The newly formed bones were evaluated by histology and histomorphometric analysis in the defects at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. According to histological observations, the cMSCs/PRP, cDPSCs/PRP, and pDTSCs/ PRP groups had well-formed mature bone and neovascularization compared with the control (defect only) and PRP groups at 4 and 8 weeks, respectively, and the mineralized tissues in cMSCs/PRP, cDPSCs/PRP, and pDTSCs/PRP specimens were positive for osteocalcin at 8 weeks. Histometrically, newly formed bone areas were 19.0 ± 2.9% (control), 19.7 ± 6.0% (PRP), 52.8 ± 3.5% (cMSCs/PRP), 61.6 ± 1.3% (cDPSCs/ PRP), and 54.7 ± 2.2% (pDTSCs/PRP) at 8 weeks. There were significant differences between cMSCs, cDPSCs, pDTSCs/PRP, and control and PRP groups. These results demonstrate that stem cells from deciduous teeth, dental pulp, and bone marrow with PRP have the ability to form bone, and bone formation with DTSCs might have the potential to generate a graft between a child and parent. This preclinical study could pave the way for stem cell therapy in orthopedics and oral maxillofacial reconstruction for clinical application.

Regeneration of Pulp/Dentin-Like Tissue in Immature Necrotic Permanent Dog Teeth Using Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…Yamada [39] obtained MSCs from dental tissue stem cells (pDTSCs), parent canine DPSCs (cDPSCs), and canine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (cMSCs) extracted from deciduous teeth from puppies. These MSCs were grafted into a defect in a parent canine mandible as an allograft using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a scaffold.…”

The Scope of Stem Cells in Periodontal Regeneration

“…SHED have been found to elevate regulatory T cells and downregulate T-helper 17 cells, hence have significant immunomodulatory capacity [75]. Also, Yamada, et al [76] used SHED obtained from puppies and placed them in mandibular osseous defects created in parent canines. At 8 weeks the defect was completely filled with mature bone.…”

Dental Stem Cells Characterization and Bone Regenerative Potential in Oral Medicine

“…This group of stem cells are believed to be a valuable alternative when periodontal regeneration is intended and also demonstrate the ability to reconstitute a dentin pulp-like complex [11,16,52,53].…”

“…However, further work on the subject needs to be developed [23,52,53] On the other hand, they have been able to generate a dentin pulp-like complex [11,16,53].…”