Promising Approach in the Treatment of Glaucoma Using Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine-Based Systems

Abstract

Glaucoma is considered a leading cause of blindness with the human eye being one of the body’s most delicate organs. Ocular diseases encompass diverse diseases affecting the anterior and posterior ocular sections, respectively. The human eye’s peculiar and exclusive anatomy and physiology continue to pose a significant obstacle to researchers and pharmacologists in the provision of efficient drug delivery. Though several traditional invasive and noninvasive eye therapies exist, including implants, eye drops, and injections, there are still significant complications that arise which may either be their low bioavailability or the grave ocular adverse effects experienced thereafter. On the other hand, new nanoscience technology and nanotechnology serve as a novel approach in ocular disease treatment. In order to interact specifically with ocular tissues and overcome ocular challenges, numerous active molecules have been modified to react with nanocarriers. In the general population of glaucoma patients, disease growth and advancement cannot be contained by decreasing intraocular pressure (IOP), hence a spiking in future research for novel drug delivery systems and target therapeutics. This review focuses on nanotechnology and its therapeutic and diagnostic prospects in ophthalmology, specifically glaucoma. Nanotechnology and nanomedicine history, the human eye anatomy, research frontiers in nanomedicine and nanotechnology, its imaging modal quality, diagnostic and surgical approach, and its possible application in glaucoma will all be further explored below. Particular focus will be on the efficiency and safety of this new therapy and its advances.

Niosomal Drug Delivery Systems for Ocular Disease—Recent Advances and Future Prospects

“…In a broadly accepted categorization, the human eye is divided into two segments: the anterior part of the eye comprises one-sixth of the eye and includes the iris, cornea, aqueous humor, and lens. The posterior portion constitutes the remaining five-sixth of the eye and consists of the retina, vitreous body, back of the sclera, and choroid [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Non-invasive multimodal imaging of Diabetic Retinopathy: A survey on treatment methods and Nanotheranostics

“…Nanomedicine plays a significant role in diagnosis and novel approaches for therapeutic ocular drug delivery 135 , 136 . The use of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems such as nanomicelles, solid lipid nanoparticles (nanospheres and nanocapsules), nano-suspensions, and drug loaded nanocarrier (Nanodrug) gives better solution to solubility and bioavailability of various poorly soluble therapeutic drugs especially in the posterior ocular diseases 137 .…”

Current Medical Therapy and Future Trends in the Management of Glaucoma Treatment

“…In the near future, the sustained drug-release implants and nanotechnology based-drugs for glaucoma using nano delivery systems have a potential to overcome the limitations of topical IOP-lowering drops by improving bioavailability, providing sustained release, targeted delivery, dose accuracy, and reducing side effects [146,147].…”