Promising Approach for Recycling of Spent CIGS Targets by Combining Electrochemical Techniques with Dehydration and Distillation

Gu, Shuai; Fu, Bi; Dodbiba, Gjergj; Fujita, Toyohisa; Fang, Baizeng

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b00787

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The selenium dioxide can then be recovered through a high-temperature distillation process [82,83]. Gu et al demonstrated a similar process for the dissolution and recovery of the CIGS component materials [84]. Rather than nitric acid however, this used a hydrochloric acid-hydrogen peroxide mix.…”

Section: Cigs Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rather than nitric acid however, this used a hydrochloric acid-hydrogen peroxide mix. This enables electrolytic recovery of the selenium and copper separately rather than as a mixture [84]. The remaining liquid was distilled to extract unreacted hydrogen chloride, with indium and gallium chlorides crystallising out [84].…”

Section: Cigs Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This enables electrolytic recovery of the selenium and copper separately rather than as a mixture [84]. The remaining liquid was distilled to extract unreacted hydrogen chloride, with indium and gallium chlorides crystallising out [84]. Electrolytic refining has also been shown to enable separation and recovery of each of the individual elements in the CIGS material [83,85,86].…”

Section: Cigs Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reshaping the Module: The Path to Comprehensive Photovoltaic Panel Recycling

Isherwood

2022

Sustainability

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The market for photovoltaic modules is expanding rapidly, with more than 500 GW installed capacity. Consequently, there is an urgent need to prepare for the comprehensive recycling of end-of-life solar modules. Crystalline silicon remains the primary photovoltaic technology, with CdTe and CIGS taking up much of the remaining market. Modules can be separated by crushing or cutting, or by thermal or solvent-based delamination. Separation and extraction of semiconductor materials can be achieved through manual, mechanical, wet or dry chemical means, or a combination. Crystalline silicon modules are currently recycled through crushing and mechanical separation, but procedures do exist for extraction and processing of intact wafers or wafer pieces. Use of these processes could lead to the recovery of higher grades of silicon. CdTe panels are mostly recycled using a chemical leaching process, with the metals recovered from the leachate. CIGS can be recycled through oxidative removal of selenium and thermochemical recovery of the metals, or by electrochemical or hydrometallurgical means. A remaining area of concern is recycling of the polymeric encapsulant and backsheet materials. There is a move away from the use of fluorinated backsheet polymers which may allow for improved recycling, but further research is required to identify materials which can be recycled readily whilst also being able to withstand outdoor environments for multi-decadal timespans.

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Section: Cigs Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cigs Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cigs Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reshaping the Module: The Path to Comprehensive Photovoltaic Panel Recycling

Isherwood

2022

Sustainability

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“…Liu et al discussed the cost-benefit analysis to recycle photovoltaic model in China including CIGS model [35]. Several recent lab phase indium end-of-life recycling methods are also being developed [36][37][38].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agent-Based Modeling for By-Product Metal Supply—A Case Study on Indium

2021

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With rapid development and deployment of clean energy technology, demand for certain minor metals has increased significantly. However, many such metals are by-products of various host metals and are economically infeasible to extract independently. Meanwhile, by-product metals present in the mined ores may not be extracted even if they are sent to smelters along with host metal concentrates if it is not economically favorable for the producers. This dependency poses potential supply risks to by-product metals. Indium is a typical by-product metal, mainly from zinc mining and refining, and is important for flat panel displays, high efficiency lighting, and emerging thin-film solar panel production. Current indium supply–demand forecast models tend to overlook the volatile and competitive nature of minor metal market and are mostly based on top-down approaches. Therefore, a bottom-up agent-based model can shed new light on the market dynamics and possible outcome of future indium supply–demand relationship. A multi-layered model would also be helpful for identifying possible bottlenecks of indium supply and finding solutions. This work takes indium as an example of minor metal market and sets up an agent-based model to predict future market situation and supply–demand balance. The market is modeled as a Cournot competition oligopolistic market by refineries with capacity restriction based on host metal production. The model maintains active Nash equilibrium each year to simulate competitions between suppliers. The model is validated and verified by historical data and sensitivity analysis. Several scenarios are also explored to illustrate possible uncertainties of the market.

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“…In addition, the recovery methods for indium and gallium include nanofiltration combined with solvent extraction and chlorination separation at a high temperature. , Although this method can meet the demand for the partial separation and recovery of indium and gallium, the recovery of valuable metals from spent CIGS materials is inefficient. In 2018, Gu et al proposed an electrodeposition method for depositing copper and selenium from CIGS leach liquor. Then, the deposited liquid is distillated and crystallized to obtain InCl 3 and GaCl 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and Recovery of Valuable Elements from Spent CIGS Materials

Xing

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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A separation–recovery method was proposed in this study to recover valuable elements from spent copper–indium–gallium–selenium (CIGS) materials based on the different physical and chemical properties of their components. Spent CIGS materials were first roasted at 1000 °C to achieve phase transformation. During the transformation, 99.9% selenium was volatilized and recovered via oxidation into selenium dioxide. Meanwhile, other metals were converted from selenides to oxides. Subsequently, the indium and gallium in the roasting product were separated from copper via sulfuric acid leaching and precipitation. After the precipitation product was roasted, mixed oxides that contained 90.59% indium oxide and gallium oxide were obtained. The recovery rates of indium and gallium were 97.74% and 97.41%, respectively. Lastly, 99.83% of the copper in the filtrate was recovered via solvent extraction. The selective separation and recovery of valuable metals can be achieved through the rational utilization of the physical and chemical properties of elements in spent CIGS materials.

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Promising Approach for Recycling of Spent CIGS Targets by Combining Electrochemical Techniques with Dehydration and Distillation

Cited by 28 publications

References 42 publications

Reshaping the Module: The Path to Comprehensive Photovoltaic Panel Recycling

Reshaping the Module: The Path to Comprehensive Photovoltaic Panel Recycling

Agent-Based Modeling for By-Product Metal Supply—A Case Study on Indium

Separation and Recovery of Valuable Elements from Spent CIGS Materials

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