Prominent expression of the actin-sequestering peptide Fx gene in the hippocampal region of rat brain

Gómez-Márquez, Jaime; Pedrares, Juan I.; Otero, Alejandro González; Anadón, Ramón

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(93)90478-4

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The expression of Tb4 has also been studied in chick embryogenesis, especially regarding the development of the nervous system, cardio vascular system and feather buds (Dathe and Brand-Saberi 2004). The expression of Tb4 has been detected in the mouse embryonic nervous system and during the differentiation of embryonic cells into cardiac cells, and the developing rat brain, thus indicating that the expression of Tb4 is involved in the development of the heart and nervous system, (Go´mez-Ma´rquez et al 1993;Gó mez-Ma´rquez et al 1996;Anado´n et al 2001). It may therefore be possibly that Tb4 is also related to the morphogenesis of the tooth germ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Possible functional involvement of thymosin beta 4 in developing tooth germ of mouse lower first molar

Akhter

Kobayashi

Kiyoshima

et al. 2005

Histochem Cell Biol

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We examined the detailed in situ expression pattern of thymosin beta 4 (Tbeta4) in the developing mouse mandibular first molar. Tbeta4 mRNA was expressed in the presumptive dental epithelium at embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) and in the thickened dental epithelium at E12. An in situ signal was observed in the invaginated epithelial bud at E13, in the enamel organ at E14 and E14.5, and in the primary enamel knot (PEK) at E14.5. The signal was localized in the epithelial cells of the outer layer of the enamel organ at E15 and E15.5. No signal was found in the PEK at these stages. Tbeta4 mRNA was expressed in the inner enamel epithelium, cervical loop and dental lamina at E16 and E17. The expression of Tbeta4 mRNA was observed in the polarized inner epithelial cells at E18, newborn day 1 (N1) and N2. However, the signal intensity decreased markedly at N3. We herein report for the first time that Tbeta4 is distinctly expressed in developing tooth germ, and it may also play functional roles in the initiation, growth and differentiation of tooth germ.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Possible functional involvement of thymosin beta 4 in developing tooth germ of mouse lower first molar

Akhter

Kobayashi

Kiyoshima

et al. 2005

Histochem Cell Biol

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“…It has been identified as a major actin monomer-binding molecule [1], and may play a role in many cellular processes including motility, axonal pathfinding, differentiation, neurite formation, and proliferation [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The presence of Tb 4 in the mammalian nervous system, during pre-and postnatal development, is now well established [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Promotive Effects of Thymosin β4 on Neuronal Survival and Neurite Outgrowth by Upregulating L1 Expression

et al. 2008

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Thymosin beta(4) (Tbeta4) is a major actin-sequestering peptide widely distributed in mammalian tissues including the nervous system. The presence of this peptide in the nervous system likely plays a role in synaptogensis, axon growth, cell migration, and plastic changes in dendritic spine. However, the effects of Tbeta4 on the survival of neurons and axonal outgrowth have still not been fully understood. So far it is not clear if the effects of Tbeta4 are associated with L1 functions. In the present study, we hypothesized that Tbeta4-induced up-regulation of L1 synthesis could be involved in the survival and axon outgrowth of cultured spinal cord neurons. To test this hypothesis, primarily cultured neurons were prepared from the mouse spinal cord and treated with various concentrations of Tbeta4 ranging from 0.1 to 10 microg/ml. The analysis of L1 mRNA expression and protein synthesis in neurons was then carried out using RT-PCR and western blot assays, respectively. After the addition of Tbeta4 to cultures, cells were then treated with antibodies against distinct domains of L1-Fc. Subsequently, beta-tubulin III and L1 double-labeled indirect immunofluorescence was carried out. Meanwhile, L1 immunofluorescent reactivity was analyzed and compared in cells treated with Tbeta4. Furthermore, the number of beta-tubulin III-positive cells and neurite lengths were measured. We found that Tbeta4 enhanced L1 expression in a dose-dependent manner, and the highest L1 mRNA and protein synthesis in cells increased by more than 2.1- and 2.3-fold in the presence of Tbeta4 at identical concentrations, respectively. Moreover, it also dose dependently enhanced neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival. Compared to conditions without Tbeta4, the length of neurite and neuronal survival increased markedly in presence of 0.5, 1, and 5 microg/ml Tbeta4, respectively, whereas the effects of Tbeta4 were significantly attenuated or inhibited in the process of L1-Fc antibodies treatment. These above results indicate that the promotive effect of Tbeta4 on the survival and neurite outgrowth of cultured spinal cord neurons might be mediated, at least in part via a stimulation of the production of L1 in the neurons.

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“…Thymosin β4 has been studied in chick embryogenesis, including the development of the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and feather buds (Dathe et al, 2004). It has been detected in the nervous system of the developing rat brain, and during differentiation of embryonic cells into cardiac cells, thus, suggesting that the expression of thymosin β4 may be involved in the development of the nervous system and the heart, (Gomez-Marquez et al, 1993;Gomez-Marquez et al, 1996;Anadon et al, 2001). Thymosin β4 is also expressed early in the developing tooth and may be important in dentinogenesis (Akhter et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Over-expression of thymosin beta4 promotes abnormal tooth development and stimulation of hair growth

Jae¹,

Philp

Lee³

et al. 2010

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Thymosin β β β β β4 has multi-functional roles in cell physiology. It accelerates wound healing, hair growth and angiogenesis, and increases laminin-5 expression in corneal epithelium. Furthermore, thymosin β β β β β4 stimulates tumor growth and metastasis by induction of cell migration and vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated angiogenesis. Using a construct on the skinspecific keratin-5 promoter, we have developed thymosin β β β β β4 over-expressing transgenic mice to further study its functional roles. Thymosin β β β β β4 in adult skin and in embryonic stages of the transgenic mouse was analyzed by both Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The overexpression of thymosin β β β β β4 was observed especially around hair follicles and in the teeth in the transgenic mice. We examined the phenotype of the thymosin β β β β β4 over-expressing mice. Hair growth was accelerated. In addition, the transgenic mice had abnormally-shaped white teeth and dull incisors. We found that the expression of laminin-5 was up-regulated in the skin of the transgenic mice. We conclude that thymosin β β β β β4 has an important physiological role in hair growth and in tooth development.

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Prominent expression of the actin-sequestering peptide Fx gene in the hippocampal region of rat brain

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Possible functional involvement of thymosin beta 4 in developing tooth germ of mouse lower first molar

Possible functional involvement of thymosin beta 4 in developing tooth germ of mouse lower first molar

The Promotive Effects of Thymosin β4 on Neuronal Survival and Neurite Outgrowth by Upregulating L1 Expression

Over-expression of thymosin beta4 promotes abnormal tooth development and stimulation of hair growth

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