Prolonging the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review of Current Techniques

Abstract

There has been an increase in research interest in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) as a result of the potential for their widespread use in many different areas like home automation, security, environmental monitoring, and many more. Despite the successes gained, the widespread adoption of WSNs particularly in remote and inaccessible places where their use is most beneficial is hampered by the major challenge of limited energy, being in most instances battery powered. To prolong the lifetime for these energy hungry sensor nodes, energy management schemes have been proposed in the literature to keep the sensor nodes alive making the network more operational and efficient. Currently, emphasis has been placed on energy harvesting, energy transfer, and energy conservation methods as the primary means of maintaining the network lifetime. These energy management techniques are designed to balance the energy in the overall network. The current review presents the state of the art in the energy management schemes, the remaining challenges, and the open issues for future research work.

A Distributed Image Compression Scheme for Energy Harvesting Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

“…However, the nodes had limited energy, which means that the network cannot work continuously for a long period, leading to network death, which causes considerable human and financial costs. Energy harvesting technologies can solve the limited life cycle of networks by providing continuous energy supply [28][29][30]. Solar energy, which can be easily obtained in the natural environment, is a good energy source due to its cleanliness, environmental friendliness, and low cost.…”

Threshold Balanced Sampled DEEC Model for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

“…For this reason, a clustering network protocol that operates with heterogeneity is more significant than a homogeneous network method [20]. Energy consumption of a sensor node involves models that consume energy so that it can perform specific functions such as sensing, processing and wireless communication of collected data [25][26][27]. These models have become functional by making energy consumption calculations.…”

Influence of Encryption Algorithms on Power Consumption in Energy Harvesting Systems

“…These devices have either a single power management circuit in order to reduce the complexity and dissipation or an optimized power management circuit for each energy source to increase efficiency of the whole system. They tend to work in low consumption mode whenever it is possible in order to increase their autonomy [1,2]. Energy harvesting sensor nodes are organized in a sensor field around a base station that represents some kind of a data sink.…”