Prolonged treatment with vitamins C and E separately and together decreases anxiety-related open-field behavior and acoustic startle in hooded rats

Hughes, Robert N.; Lowther, Courtney L.; Nobelen, Marion van

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2010.10.010

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Ascorbic acid powder was dissolved in tap water in amounts designed to achieve target doses of approximately 60, 120 and 180 mg/kg/day on the basis of earlier established volumes of water drunk each day by individual PVG/c rats [9]. After taking into account differences between the two species in body surface area [21], these doses for rats were equivalent to 0.73, 1.45 and 2.28 g/day of ascorbic acid for an average 75.6 kg adult human (based on body weight data for Europe and North America [22]).…”

Section: Preparation Of and Treatment With Ascorbic Acid Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, it has been shown that 14 days of treatment of normal human volunteers with 3g of ascorbic acid reduced salivary cortisol, blood pressure and subjective anxiety in response to a psychological stressor [3]. Ascorbic acid's anxiolytic potential has also been suggested by reports of it decreasing neophobia and measures of fear in poultry [4,5], reducing avoidance of an aversive environ-ment in mice [6], alleviating behavioral and biochemical stress responses to electroshock in mice [7], attenuating anxiogenic effects of prolonged exposure to loud noise in mice [8], and decreasing several forms of anxiety-related behavior in rats [9]. As the rats in our earlier study [9] were provided with only one level of chronic ascorbic acid in their drinking water (approximately 80 mg/kg/day), one of the aims of the present study was to determine if doses lower and higher than this would have comparable anxiolytic effects.Some evidence of dose-related effectiveness of the vitamin has been reported by Choi et al [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This task involves evaluating preferences for a novel versus familiar object and has become a popular way of measuring recognition memory in rodents [20]. As previously [9], ascorbic acid was added to rats' drinking water in quantities designed to achieve three daily doses. These were 60 and 120 mg/kg (as administered by Shahidi et al, [18]) plus an additional higher dose of 180 mg/kg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anxiolysis and recognition memory enhancement with long-term supplemental ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in normal rats: possible dose dependency and sex differences

Hughes¹,

Hancock²,

Thompson³

2015

J Psychiatry Brain Funct

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To investigate a possible dose-response relationship and sex differences for anxiolytic and memoryenhancing effects of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), an adult PVG /c hooded rats were individually treated for 8 weeks with approximately 61, 114 or 160 mg/kg/day of ascorbic acid in their drinking water. After their treatment, over 3 consecutive days they experienced a 5-min trial in an open field (OF) followed by a 5-min trial in an elevated plus maze (EPM), and then finally a 5-min novel object recognition (NOR) test in the OF. Dose-related anxiolytic effects were observed that to some extent depended on the measure of anxiety. In other words, anxiolytic effects were evident in higher frequencies of walking with 114 mg/kg and 61 mg/kg, higher frequencies of rearing and lower frequencies of grooming in the OF as well as more frequent occupation of the EPM open arms. Rats treated with 160 mg/kg explored a novel versus familiar object in the NOR test to a significantly greater extent than control rats thereby suggesting enhancement of their recognition memory. Overall, it appeared that the anxiolytic effects of ascorbic acid were more typical of the lowest dose, whereas memory enhancement appeared to be confined to the highest dose. While there were a number of significant sex differences, there was no evidence of differences between females and males in the effects of ascorbic acid. and recognition memory enhancement with long-term supplemental ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in normal rats: possible dose dependency and sex differences. J Psychiatry Brain Funct. 2015; 2:4. http://dx.

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Section: Preparation Of and Treatment With Ascorbic Acid Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anxiolysis and recognition memory enhancement with long-term supplemental ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in normal rats: possible dose dependency and sex differences

Hughes¹,

Hancock²,

Thompson³

2015

J Psychiatry Brain Funct

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“…Vitamin C is a cofactor for enzymes involved in biosynthesis and supplementation with this vitamin reduces anxiety by limiting the oxidative stress from metabolites and also by limiting cortisol [55]. One clinical study with humans showed that high dose vitamin C improves mood [56].…”

Section: Nutritional Approaches For Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary and botanical anxiolytics

Alramadhan

Hanna

et al. 2012

Med Sci Monit

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SummaryDrugs used to treat anxiety have many negative side effects including addiction, depression, suicide, seizures, sexual dysfunction, headaches and more. Anxiolytic medications do not restore normal levels of neurotransmitters but instead manipulate the brain chemistry. For example, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) prevent the reuptake of serotonin from the synapse allowing serotonin to remain in the area of activity for a longer period of time but does not correct the lack of serotonin production. Benzodiazepines, such as Valium and Xanax®, stimulate GABA receptors, thus mimicking the calming effects of GABA but again do not fix the lack of GABA production. Often, the brain becomes accustomed to these medications and they often lose their effectiveness, requiring higher doses or different drugs. In contrast to anxiolytic drugs, there are herbs and nutrients which can stimulates neurotransmitter synthesis and more naturally effect and even adjust brain chemistry in the absence of many of the side effects experienced with drugs. Therefore this paper explores several herbal and nutritional approaches to the treatment of anxiety.

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“…[20–22] In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the beneficial effects of antioxidant vitamin C on behavioral aberrations, especially those associated with neurodegenerative diseases. [23] Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of vitamin C in attenuating the deficit in sensorimotor performance induced by chronic exposure to CPF in Wistar rats and the contribution of muscle lipoperoxidation, glycogen concentration, and AChE activity in achieving this objective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin C attenuates chronic chlorpyrifos-induced alteration of neurobehavioral parameters in Wistar rats

Ambali¹,

Ayo²

2012

Toxicol Int

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Background:Oxidative stress is one of the molecular mechanisms in chlorpyrifos toxicity. The present study was designed to evaluate the attenuating effect of vitamin C on chlorpyrifos-induced alteration of neurobehavioral performance and the role of muscle acetylchloinesterase (AChE), glycogen and lipoperoxidation in the accomplishment of this task.Materials and Methods:Male rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups with the following regimens: soya oil (S/oil), vitamin C (VC), chlorpyrifos (CPF) and vitamin C+CPF (VC+CPF). The regimens were administered by gavage once daily for a period of 17 weeks. Neurobehavioral parameters measuring efficiency of locomotion, motor strength, righting reflex and excitability were evaluated at day 0 (pretreatment value), weeks 8 and 16. The rats were sacrificed at week 17 and evaluated for muscle glycogen and malonaldehyde (MDA) concentrations and AChE activity.Results:The result showed that deficits in locomotion efficiency, motor strength, righting reflex and excitability score induced by chronic CPF were mitigated but not completely abolished by vitamin C. The reduced muscle AChE activity and concentrations of glycogen and MDA evoked by chronic CPF were ameliorated by vitamin C.Conclusion:The study therefore showed that improvement in muscle AChE activity, glycogen concentration and reduced lipoperoxidation by vitamin C may be partly responsible for the mitigation of the chronic CPF-induced sensorimotor performance.

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Prolonged treatment with vitamins C and E separately and together decreases anxiety-related open-field behavior and acoustic startle in hooded rats

Cited by 28 publications

References 55 publications

Anxiolysis and recognition memory enhancement with long-term supplemental ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in normal rats: possible dose dependency and sex differences

Anxiolysis and recognition memory enhancement with long-term supplemental ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in normal rats: possible dose dependency and sex differences

Dietary and botanical anxiolytics

Vitamin C attenuates chronic chlorpyrifos-induced alteration of neurobehavioral parameters in Wistar rats

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