Prolonged Survival of Human-Kidney Homografts by Immunosuppressive Drug Therapy

Murray, J E; Jp, Merrill; Harrison, J H; Wilson, R. E.; Dammin, Gustave J.

doi:10.1097/00000637-198401000-00010

Cited by 62 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…Between January, 1959, and the spring of 1963, there were only seven examples in the world of !1 year survival of kidney allografts (summarized in Ref. 22) (Table 1) [23][24][25][26]. Patients 1 and 7 were treated in Boston.…”

Section: Organ Transplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquired immunologic tolerance: with particular reference to transplantation

Starzl

2007

Immunol Res

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The first unequivocally successful bone marrow cell transplantation in humans was recorded in 1968 by the University of Minnesota team of Robert A. Good (Gatti et al. Lancet 2: 1366-1369, 1968). This achievement was a direct extension of mouse models of acquired immunologic tolerance that were established 15 years earlier. In contrast, organ (i.e. kidney) transplantation was accomplished precociously in humans (in 1959) before demonstrating its feasibility in any experimental model and in the absence of a defensible immunologic rationale. Due to the striking differences between the outcomes with the two kinds of procedure, the mechanisms of organ engraftment were long thought to differ from the leukocyte chimerism-associated ones of bone marrow transplantation. This and other concepts of alloengraftment and acquired tolerance have changed over time. Current concepts and their clinical implications can be understood and discussed best from the perspective provided by the life and times of Bob Good.

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Section: Organ Transplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquired immunologic tolerance: with particular reference to transplantation

Starzl

2007

Immunol Res

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“…It has also been used as an immunosuppressant in organ transplantations to counteract graft rejection 13 . Azathioprine gets converted to Mercaptopurine which blocks the DNA producing enzymes thereby effecting cells with high dividing capacity like T and B lymphocytes 14 which paves way to many opportunistic infections in the absence of strong immune defenses. S methyl transferase is an enzyme required for the metabolism of Azathioprine 14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Azathioprine gets converted to Mercaptopurine which blocks the DNA producing enzymes thereby effecting cells with high dividing capacity like T and B lymphocytes 14 which paves way to many opportunistic infections in the absence of strong immune defenses. S methyl transferase is an enzyme required for the metabolism of Azathioprine 14 . Lack of this enzyme in some people genetically leads to excessive bone marrow suppression and severe anemia 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory Activity of Methanolic Extract of Murraya Koenigii Leaves Against Azathioprine Induced Immunosuppression in Laboratory Animals

Ramachandran¹,

latha²,

Sahu³

et al. 2015

Int. Res. J. Pharm.

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The present work has been carried out to annotate the ameliorative effect of methanolic extract of leaves of Murraya koenigii in Azathioprine induced immunosuppression in mice. Healthy Swiss albino mice of either sex were divided into six groups (n=6). The control group of animals received 1% CMC solution as vehicle. AZP 50mg/kg b.w i.p was administered to animals in second group that served as disease control group. Levamisole was used as standard drug that was administered to group III at a dose of 50mg/kg b.w p.o. Groups IV, V, VI were given with 250, 500 & 750 mg/kg b.w of the extracts p.o. after the treatment period, Immunomodulatory activity of Murraya koenigii was evaluated by Delayed Type Hypersensitivity reaction, hematological parameters, Phagocytic index and determination of organ weights. Intraperitoneal administration of Azathioprine caused myelosupression and compromised immune responses. Methanolic extract of Murraya koenigii significantly increased DTH response when compared to control and disease control group. The extract also increased the Phagocytic index, WBC count and % neutrophills in a dose dependent manner. The obtained results were comparable with that of the standard drug Levamisole. The findings demonstrate that MK is a promising drug with a potent therapeutic value in stimulating the suppressed or weakened immune responses in laboratory animals and hence can act as a potent immunomodulator.

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“…One of these agents, azathioprine, was found experimentally to be slightly superior to 6-mercaptopurine and became an anchor drug for a landmark series of animal experiments and subsequently for the next phase of clinical immunosuppression, which was commenced at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital [27]. Initial clinical results were disappointing and it was not until corticosteroids were added to the immunosuppressive regimen that some successes were obtained in allografts between unrelated individuals [28]. Azathioprine remains indicated for transplant immunosuppression and is described in more detail in Chapter 98.…”

Section: The Modern Era Of Immune Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief History of Clinical Organ Transplantation

Calne

2014

Textbook of Organ Transplantation

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Prolonged Survival of Human-Kidney Homografts by Immunosuppressive Drug Therapy

Cited by 62 publications

References 0 publications

Acquired immunologic tolerance: with particular reference to transplantation

Acquired immunologic tolerance: with particular reference to transplantation

Immunomodulatory Activity of Methanolic Extract of Murraya Koenigii Leaves Against Azathioprine Induced Immunosuppression in Laboratory Animals

A Brief History of Clinical Organ Transplantation

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