Prolonged Sleep Deprivation and Continuous Exercise: Effects on Melatonin, Tympanic Temperature, and Cognitive Function

Davis, Gregory G.; Etheredge, Corey E.; Marcus, Lena; Bellar, David

doi:10.1155/2014/781863

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…In fact, it is known that melatonin increases following long periods of exercise, especially if the body continuously works during the normal period of night time sleep, inducing altered circadian rhythms [ 57 ]. Several authors observed that either cognitive function or core temperature and melatonin production are altered during sleep deprivation in tandem with prolonged exercise [ 58 , 59 , 60 ]. In line with these reports, other authors showed that sleep deprivation increases melatonin release [ 55 , 56 ] and that a direct proportionality between melatonin release and the duration of sleep deprivation exists; in fact, the longer sleep the deprivation, the greater the melatonin release and drop in body temperature [ 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessment of Stress Salivary Markers, Perceived Stress, and Shift Work in a Cohort of Fishermen: A Preliminary Work

Zefferino

Fortunato

Арса

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Due to work-related stress, today, work itself represents a daily challenge that must be faced in many occupations. While, in the past, the scientific community has focused on the helping professions, since, an increasing number of professions have since been investigated. Therefore, different approaches exist in order to assess this disorder, representing a scientific field wherein biological and psychological dimensions both need to be evaluated. In this paper, we consider three biological salivary markers: interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), cortisol, and melatonin. The choice derives from recent contributions to the literature in which the interplay between these markers has been verified. Briefly, such interplay could explain how the central nervous, endocrine, and immune systems communicate with each other, supporting a holistic concept of person. In 30 marine fishermen from the Apulia region of Italy, perceived stress was measured using the Professional Stress Scale (PSS) and sleep disturbances were assessed through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Salivary markers were collected at 8:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. Those subjects reporting sleep disturbance and having altered scores in two PSS subclasses, home–work conflict and self-esteem, presented inverted salivary melatonin and cortisol nictemeral rhythms (with regard to melatonin levels at 8:00 a.m., those workers reporting values higher than the median showed 64.1% versus 48.6% home–work conflict with respect to cortisol levels, subjects having an inverted circadian rhythm showed 69.9% versus 52.5% home–work conflict, and these values resulted 47.7% versus 25.3% when the self-esteem was considered). As regards melatonin, PSQI score is statistically different in the two groups of subjects as identified by median melatonin at 8:00 a.m.; specifically, the subjects who had mean values higher than the median shared higher PSQI scores (10.8 versus 9.8). The same subjects reported more frequent home–work conflict and more sleep disorders. We found a negative correlation between IL-1β at 8:00 a.m. and Cortdiff (the difference between cortisol at 8:00 a.m.–cortisol at 2:00 p.m.), and that high IL-1β at 8:00 a.m. was associated with low Cortdiff. Based on our results we would like to propose this approach in health surveillance, in order to prevent mental and/or physical disorders, however our study is surely preliminary. The interesting perspectives and hypotheses cited in this paper, in which the roles of IL-1β and norepinephrine appear central and important, could remain hypothetical if not supported by more robust observation in order to produce, truly, new knowledge. In the future we will deepen this study with a larger sample, and if these results will be confirmed, this approach could allow preventing, not only mental and physical disorders, but also immuno-mediated diseases, and, perhaps, cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This response to sleep deprivation is likely a physiological defence mechanism that could induce humans to sleep in order to regain normal physiological function [ 58 ]. However, in turn, high concentrations of melatonin were shown to increment IL-1β levels in mice splenocytes [ 62 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Stress Salivary Markers, Perceived Stress, and Shift Work in a Cohort of Fishermen: A Preliminary Work

Zefferino

Fortunato

Арса

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Second, mechanisms of sleep deprivation or even sleep restriction are likely to deeply impact, possibly in a transient way, the cognitive and sensory features of a person (Fullagar et al, 2015). Such effects seem to be more dramatic when sleep deprivation is combined with a massive physical effort, as occurs in these events (Davis et al, 2014; Hurdiel et al, 2015), also carrying on serious symptoms, including visual hallucination, possibly impacting the safety of athletes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, various evidence for significant effects on physical (Vitiello et al, 2013) and cognitive functions (Tomporowski, 2002; Cona et al, 2015; Hurdiel et al, 2015; Tonacci et al, 2016) of ultra-trailers has already been observed, mainly caused by a mix of high altitude exposure (Yan, 2014), environmental conditions (Lefferts et al, 2016; Taylor et al, 2016)—including cold, heat and hypoxia—muscular fatigue, dehydration (Cian et al, 2000), and sleep deprivation (Davis et al, 2014; Fullagar et al, 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurosensory and Cognitive Modifications in Europe's Toughest RandoRaid Competition: the Transpyrénéa Extreme Study

et al. 2017

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Introduction: Given the wide proliferation of ultra-long endurance races, it is important to understand the physiological response of the athletes to improve their safety. We evaluated the cognitive and neurosensory effects on ultra-endurance athletes during the Transpyrénéa (866 Km, 65,000 m positive slope), held on the French Pyrenees.Materials and Methods: 40 athletes were enrolled (age 43.8 ± 8.8 years; 36 males). Olfactory and cognitive tests were performed before the race (T0, n = 40), at 166 kms (T1, n = 28), at 418 kms (T2, n = 20), and after the race (T3, 866 kms, n = 13). The effect of dehydration and sleep deprivation on cognitive features were also studied.Results: Olfactory function decreased during the race (T0: 24.9 ± 4.3 vs. T3: 22.8 ± 3.5, z = -2.678, p = 0.007), language fluency increased (T0: 10.8 ± 2.9; T1: 11.4 ± 2.7; T2: 12.9 ± 2.8; T3: 12.9 ± 3.0; χ2 = 11.132, p = 0.011 for combined samples), whereas the Trail Making Test did not show any changes between pre- and post-race (T0 vs. T3 p = 0.697 for TMT-A, p = 0.977 for TMT-B). The mean aggregate sleeping time was 9.3 ± 5.4 h at T1, 22.4 ± 10.0 h at T2, 29.5 ± 20.5 h at T3, with a correlation with olfactory function (r = 0.644, p = 0.018), while Total Body Water (TBW) was not correlated with olfactory or cognitive scores.Conclusion: Physical activity and sleep restriction in ultra-endurance could transiently affect olfactory function, while verbal fluency improved, demonstrating a dissimilar mechanism of activation/deactivation in different cortical areas. Body water loss was uncorrelated to cognition. Further studies should clarify whether cognitive and sensory deficits occur even in absence of sleep restriction.

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“…Noteworthy almost different kinds of exercises and physical activities both acute and chronic could modify plasma melatonin levels. Meanwhile, endogenous profile of melatonin has different responses such as increase, decrease [19], or even unaffected to exercises that time of the day, and lighting condition is the most effective item on the melatonin secretion cycle even in response to exercises. As an overall consensus, those exercises which have been done at night or in the dark whether of moderate or high intensity result in delay in melatonin secretion.…”

Section: Muscle Development Is Under the Effects Of Program Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin and Exercise: Their Effects on Malondialdehyde and Lipid Peroxidation

Mansouri¹,

Abbasian²,

Khazaie³

2018

Melatonin - Molecular Biology, Clinical and Pharmaceutical Approaches

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Melatonin as an omnipresent molecule is secreted by the pineal gland. It is a strong free radical scavenger, which reduces nitric oxide (NO) generation within mitochondria. Exercise has great impacts on many body's homeostatic systems. Most human's organisms display rhythms and have 24 hours environmental cycles, which are called circadian rhythm. Melatonin is one of the circadian rhythm generator in various physiological variables. Exercises could regulate plasma melatonin levels. Melatonin scavenges reactive oxygen spices (ROS) and reactive nitrogen spices (RNS) and acts as the antioxidant cascade. It not only decreases the exercise induced-oxidative stress in the muscles but also enhances muscle antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase. Body lipids and unsaturated fatty acids are prone to oxidation, while the free radicals penetrate into bilayer membrane structure lipid peroxidation is going to happen. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is created by free radicals, and it is one of the most frequent marker of lipid peroxidation. Exercise, its duration, and time of the day have immediate and or delayed effects on melatonin secretion. The combination of aerobic exercise and melatonin reduces the exercise induced-free radicals agents. Melatonin supplementation, especially while it combined with aerobic training, could decrease the lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde. Melatonin could impede exercise-induced ROS, increase body health, and exercise-related adaptation.

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Prolonged Sleep Deprivation and Continuous Exercise: Effects on Melatonin, Tympanic Temperature, and Cognitive Function

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Assessment of Stress Salivary Markers, Perceived Stress, and Shift Work in a Cohort of Fishermen: A Preliminary Work

Assessment of Stress Salivary Markers, Perceived Stress, and Shift Work in a Cohort of Fishermen: A Preliminary Work

Neurosensory and Cognitive Modifications in Europe's Toughest RandoRaid Competition: the Transpyrénéa Extreme Study

Melatonin and Exercise: Their Effects on Malondialdehyde and Lipid Peroxidation

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