Prolonged pupal diapause drives population dynamics of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in an outbreak expansion area

Salman, Habibur Rahman; Hellrigl, K.; Minerbi, Stefano; Battisti, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2015.11.035

Cited by 41 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Beyond summer heat, other climate characteristics such as winter and spring temperatures act as serious constraints upon the phenological shift of SP. However, in some cases, diapausing pupae of WP were observed to remain in the soil for over 8 years before emergence, suggesting that they are prone to resist cold winter temperatures (Aimi et al, 2006;Salman et al, 2016). It is generally expectable that relatively high spring temperatures should be required for SP reproduction, as mating takes place at night in May and cold weather may prevent adult activity.…”

Section: A Climatic Niche Shift Induced By Allochronic Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low winter temperatures and high soil moisture are thought to cause high mortality to overwintering pupae of PPM in the soil (Markalas, 1989). However, in some cases, diapausing pupae of WP were observed to remain in the soil for over 8 years before emergence, suggesting that they are prone to resist cold winter temperatures (Aimi et al, 2006;Salman et al, 2016). Preliminary experiments showed that soil temperatures (at 10 and 20 cm depth) measured during the winter of 2008 in localities where SP is present, ranged from 5 to 14°C.…”

Section: A Climatic Niche Shift Induced By Allochronic Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate constrains range expansion of an allochronic population of the pine processionary moth

Martin

Rocha

Santos

et al. 2016

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim Allochronic speciation occurs when sympatric populations sharing similar feeding regimes diverge because they mate at different times. Such speciation mode is fascinating because it permits the study of subsequent adaptations and/or geographic range shifts undergone by the populations that face new ecological constraints. Moreover, exploring whether intraspecific differentiation is accompanied by niche divergence is crucial for planning efficient biodiversity management and invasive species control. Here, we address the topic of potential climatic niche divergence between two sympatric populations of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (PPM) that diverged under allochrony. The larval development of a PPM population recently discovered in coastal regions of Portugal, referred to as the summer population (SP), occurs in the spring-summer instead of the autumn-winter as for all other populations of this species.Location Portugal.Methods We carried out intensive field sampling in the area where both populations are sympatric and calibrated spread (MigClim approach) and species distribution models (ensemble forecasting approach) to depict the response of SP to environment and predict its potential range under current and future climatic conditions. Results Since its discovery in 1997, the distribution of SP has been expanding along the Western coasts of Portugal. Still, its establishment in inland regions failed, even though suitable hosts occur. Our models identify maximal temperatures as the main constraint explaining SP absence from inland regions. The coastal area where winter populations and SP co-occur displays unique climatic conditions (moderate maximal and minimal temperatures), which enable the coexistence of these populations with totally different phenologies. The models predict a future decrease of SP range due to climate warming.Main conclusions We show here that a climatic niche shift occurred following allochronic divergence. This study highlights how climate differentially affects allochronic populations and how considering intraspecific diversity is crucial when predicting species responses to climate change.

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Section: A Climatic Niche Shift Induced By Allochronic Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Climatic Niche Shift Induced By Allochronic Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate constrains range expansion of an allochronic population of the pine processionary moth

Martin

Rocha

Santos

et al. 2016

Diversity and Distributions

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“…Therefore, O. lunifer and T. pityocampa pre-pupation processions may have been in search for 'cooler' and 'warmer' places, respectively for optimal development in suitable thermal niches. It may be particularly important for T. pityocampa to find warmer places because the pupae can diapause up to 8 years [36] with possibly less chance of fungal attack if the pupation site is dryer. More research is necessary to determine if light is used by the lead larva as a cue for pupation sites with suitable temperature characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement behaviour of two social urticating caterpillars in opposite hemispheres

et al. 2020

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Background: Investigating movement ecology of organisms has economic, societal, and conservation benefits. Larval movement of insects for example, plays many significant ecological roles, and with the expansion of the human population and development, encounters and conflicts with insects have increased. Urticating caterpillars are a health concern to people and animals, especially when they disperse in a gregarious and synchronised manner in areas frequented by humans. Ochrogaster lunifer and Thaumetopoea pityocampa from the southern and northern hemispheres respectively, are two geographically-isolated species of moth with similar gregarious urticating caterpillars that can outbreak causing defoliation and medical issues. Methods: Each year from March to May, O. lunifer and T. pityocampa caterpillars leave their nesting sites and form head-to-tail processions on the ground in search of pupation sites. This pre-pupation procession behaviour and its associated risk of human contact with O. lunifer and T. pityocampa caterpillars were studied and compared in Australia and Italy, respectively. The distance, duration, orientation and response to visible light of the pre-pupation processions were studied in both species to determine general patterns. Results: In the morning, O. lunifer and T. pityocampa processions travelled on average 40 and 16 m per day from the nest in 153 and 223 min respectively, in search for potential pupation sites. Ochrogaster lunifer pre-pupation processions travelled generally to the north or south when leaving the nest, as was their final orientation to the bivouac/pupation site. Whereas T. pityocampa processions had no preference in orientation. Ochrogaster lunifer and T. pityocampa pre-pupation processions travelled towards the darker and the lighter areas of the environment, respectively. During our observations, 27% of O. lunifer and 44% of T. pityocampa processions had contact with humans driving, cycling or walking. Conclusions: The amount of human contact is surprising and alarming, because of the serious health implications they cause to humans and animals. The processionary dispersal on the ground risks further spread of urticating hairs that can be easily detached, and particular during inadvertent contact. Our limited sample size of T. pityocampa processions may benefit from more observations to make conclusive remarks on their pre-pupation behaviour. Understanding the movement behaviour of O. lunifer and T. pityocampa pre-pupation processions around populated areas is crucial for predicting exposure risk and application of management strategies.

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“…The prolonged diapause allows the insect to travel in time and track intermittent resource peaks or escape catastrophic years or enemies with shorter generation times (Danks , , Hanski , Solbreck and Widenfalk , Salman et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time‐traveling larvae ensure survival in small, synchronously fluctuating populations

Solbreck

Widenfalk

2020

Ecosphere

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Citation: Solbreck, C., and O. Widenfalk. 2020. Time-traveling larvae ensure survival in small, synchronously fluctuating populations. Ecosphere 11(3):Abstract. Population structure is an important aspect of patchily distributed organisms. Small local populations, large temporal fluctuations, synchronized dynamics, and low migration rates should all lead to lowered rates of patch occupancy and increased extinction risks. These effects can, however, be counteracted if there is a pool of hidden, dormant individuals bridging unfavorable periods. Prolonged diapause -a dormancy that extends over two or more years-provides such a temporal bridge among insects, but its role in structuring patchy populations is poorly known. Based upon a long-term study, we explore the landscape scale population structure of a galling insect, the larva of which has an unusually long diapause spent hidden in the soil. Gall populations in patches fluctuated synchronously in a long wave with a tenfold amplitude. Abundances were very low with a median of less than twenty galls per patch. Although only a third of the patches had galls in all years, local populations persisted thanks to the pool of diapausing larvae. Colonizations of two new plant patches were very slow. The combination of small, synchronously fluctuating gall populations and high occupancy rates can be maintained because of the very low extinction rates imposed by the time-traveling diapausing larvae.

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Prolonged pupal diapause drives population dynamics of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in an outbreak expansion area

Cited by 41 publications

References 27 publications

Climate constrains range expansion of an allochronic population of the pine processionary moth

Climate constrains range expansion of an allochronic population of the pine processionary moth

Movement behaviour of two social urticating caterpillars in opposite hemispheres

Time‐traveling larvae ensure survival in small, synchronously fluctuating populations

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