High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains a valuable therapeutic approach for relapsed and refractory (R/R) patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and clinical outcome of ASCT for R/R DLBCL. We present a retrospective series of ASCT for 53 DLBCL patients (30 males and 23 females) at the median age of 51 years. Patients were eligible for transplantation if they achieved partial, second, or subsequent response or remained stable to at least 2 prior treatments. Median overall (OS) and progression-free (PFS) survivals were 9 and 6.3 years, respectively. The estimated 4-year OS and PFS were found to be 75% and 69%, respectively. In univariate analysis liver involvement, clinical stage at diagnosis, lymphocyte/monocyte count, and status of clinical response at ASCT were found to influence OS, however only absolute lymphocyte count remained significant in multivariate analysis (HR 1.42 [95% CI: 1.08-1.87]; p = 0.01). Median follow-up from ASCT to the last contact was 4.4 years (range 0.03-18.7). In total, 26 patients died from disease progression and subsequent resistance to chemotherapy. At the last contact, 27 patients were alive in remission. Only a single patient died shortly after ASCT due to infectious complications. Grade 3 or 4 non-hematological side effects were not observed in the remaining patients. ASCT for RR DLBCL is a safe procedure with a high probability of overall and progression-free survival. Key words: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; relapse; refractoriness; outcome Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains a common type of lymphoid neoplasm accounting for about 30-40% of all cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) [1, 2]. It occurs primarily in older individuals, with a median age at diagnosis of approximately 60-70 years, although it can also be seen in children and young adults [2]. DLBCL can be classified based on gene expression profiling (GEP) of tumor tissue into three subgroups: germinal centre B-cell subtype (GCB), activated B-cell subtype (ABC) and unclassifiable. Despite presenting with an aggressive clinical course, patients within GCB category have a significantly better overall survival