Prolonged impairment of cellular immunity in children with intrauterine growth retardation

Ferguson, Alexander C.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(78)80599-x

Cited by 120 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Prenatal and early postnatal starvation have been linked to deficits in several aspects of adaptive immunity, to involution of lymphoid tissues such as the thymus, and to suppression of antibody responses to vaccination (Moscatelli et al 1976, Chandra 1975a,b, Chandra 1981, Ferguson 1978, Moore 1998 as well as the development of atopy and autoimmune disease during adult life (Phillips et al 1993, Godfrey et al 1994. Here, we show that IUGR leads to an increase in the baseline hepatic IL-1b and TNF-a mRNA levels, diminishes the hepatic TLR4 mRNA and protein concentrations and augments the LPS-TNF-a responses in the adult offspring of intrauterine starved rats, and that access to ad lib milk intake during the suckling period partially corrects the IUGR effect on TLR4 protein expression; however, the baseline hepatic IL-1b and TNF-a mRNA levels are still elevated in the SM/CP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adverse factors that impair fetal growth such as maternal malnutrition, hinder immunological maturation as well (Moscatelli et al 1976, Chandra 1975a,b 1981, Ferguson 1978, Hasselbalch et al 1999. Both animal and human data suggest that those who are small for gestation show persistent immunological impairment for several months or even years (Chandra 1975c, Beach et al 1982, and that they are at increased risk of infections with Gram-negative bacteria during the neonatal period and childhood (Simchen et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intra‐uterine Growth Restriction Downregulates the Hepatic Toll Like Receptor‐4 Expression and Function

Equils

Singh²,

Karaburun³

et al. 2000

Journal of Immunology Research

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Maternal starvation is a significant cause of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in the world and increases the risk of infection in the neonate. We examined the effect of maternal starvation on Toll like receptor (TLR)4 expression in hepatic, splenic and intestinal tissues obtained from the adult IUGR offspring of prenatal calorie restricted rats. The hepatic TLR4 protein concentration was undetectable in the IUGR rats that had restricted milk intake during the suckling period (SM/SP; n ¼ 4; p , 0:05) as compared to the normal growth controls (CM/CP; n ¼ 4), and access to ad lib milk intake during the sucking period partially corrected the hepatic TLR4 expression (SM/CP; n ¼ 4). IUGR had no effect on the splenic (n ¼ 4) or intestinal (n ¼ 4) TLR4 mRNA levels. In the liver, IUGR led to a 20% increase in baseline tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a mRNA expression ð p , 0:03Þ and a 70% increase in interleukin-1b (IL-1b) mRNA expression ð p , 0:008Þ as compared to the control rats (CM/CP; n ¼ 7). LPS-induced hepatic TNF-a release was significantly higher in SM/SP as compared to CM/CP. We propose that IUGR dysregulates TLR4 expression and function in the offspring, which may help explain the increased risk of Gram-negative sepsis and inflammatory diseases in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra‐uterine Growth Restriction Downregulates the Hepatic Toll Like Receptor‐4 Expression and Function

Equils

Singh²,

Karaburun³

et al. 2000

Journal of Immunology Research

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“…These stem cells might be attributed to a higher response in less matured infants and the cells might decrease in number and/ or cease their proliferation during maturation. On the other hand, impaired cellular immunity associated with IUGR was widely recognized [1,3,6] and attributed to the reduced number of Tcells in peripheral blood [l, 2, 5] due to foetal malnutrition. FERGUSON [6] reported in his transverse study the reduced proHferative capacity of lymphocytes with PHA upto 5 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, impaired cellular immunity associated with IUGR was widely recognized [1,3,6] and attributed to the reduced number of Tcells in peripheral blood [l, 2, 5] due to foetal malnutrition. FERGUSON [6] reported in his transverse study the reduced proHferative capacity of lymphocytes with PHA upto 5 years of age. In our longitudinal study, however, no impairment of lymphocyte response to PHA was found in IUGR infants either at birth or 30th day of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A response of lymphocytes in the neonatal period is different from that in later stages, and a capa-N (N city for cellular immunity is reduced in infants with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) [6]. Although immune response of newborn infants is largely dependent on the intrauterine life, the relation between gestational age and lymphocyte activity has not yet been well established.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lymphocyte blastogenesis in normal and low birth weight infants and the effect of monocyte depletion on it

Sasai¹,

Saito²,

Kataoka³

et al. 1981

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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A Meta-analysis of Depression During Pregnancy and the Risk of Preterm Birth, Low Birth Weight, and Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Grote¹,

Bridge²,

Gavin³

et al. 2010

Arch Gen Psychiatry

1,548

1,096

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Context Maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy have been reported in some, but not all, studies to be associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Objective To estimate the risk of PTB, LBW, and IUGR associated with antenatal depression. Data Sources and Study Selection We searched for English-language and non–English-language articles via the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Social Work Abstracts, Social Services Abstracts, and Dissertation Abstracts International databases (January 1980 through December 2009). We aimed to include prospective studies reporting data on antenatal depression and at least 1 adverse birth outcome: PTB (<37 weeks’ gestation), LBW (<2500 g), or IUGR (<10th percentile for gestational age). Of 862 reviewed studies, 29 US-published and non–US-published studies met the selection criteria. Data Extraction Information was extracted on study characteristics, antenatal depression measurement, and other biopsychosocial risk factors and was reviewed twice to minimize error. Data Synthesis Pooled relative risks (RRs) for the effect of antenatal depression on each birth outcome were calculated using random-effects methods. In studies of PTB, LBW, and IUGR that used a categorical depression measure, pooled effect sizes were significantly larger (pooled RR [95% confidence interval]=1.39 [1.19–1.61], 1.49 [1.25–1.77], and 1.45 [1.05–2.02], respectively) compared with studies that used a continuous depression measure (1.03 [1.00–1.06], 1.04 [0.99–1.09], and 1.02 [1.00–1.04], respectively). The estimates of risk for categorically defined antenatal depression and PTB and LBW remained significant when the trim-and-fill procedure was used to correct for publication bias. The risk of LBW associated with antenatal depression was significantly larger in developing countries (RR=2.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.43–2.93) compared with the United States (RR=1.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.21) or European social democracies (RR=1.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.92–1.47). Categorically defined antenatal depression tended to be associated with an increased risk of PTB among women of lower socioeconomic status in the United States. Conclusions Women with depression during pregnancy are at increased risk for PTB and LBW, although the magnitude of the effect varies as a function of depression measurement, country location, and US socioeconomic status. An important implication of these findings is that antenatal depression should be identified through universal screening and treated.

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Prolonged impairment of cellular immunity in children with intrauterine growth retardation

Cited by 120 publications

References 14 publications

Intra‐uterine Growth Restriction Downregulates the Hepatic Toll Like Receptor‐4 Expression and Function

Intra‐uterine Growth Restriction Downregulates the Hepatic Toll Like Receptor‐4 Expression and Function

Lymphocyte blastogenesis in normal and low birth weight infants and the effect of monocyte depletion on it

A Meta-analysis of Depression During Pregnancy and the Risk of Preterm Birth, Low Birth Weight, and Intrauterine Growth Restriction

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