Prolonged Grief Disorder: Course, Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment

Szuhany, Kristin L.; Malgaroli, Matteo; Miron, Carly D; Simon, Naomi M.

doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20200052

Cited by 70 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 113 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Draft criteria, published by the American Psychiatric Association for comment, require the symptoms to be a response to the death of a close person at least 12 months prior, followed by preoccupation with or intense longing for the person, to a significant degree nearly every day for the past month. These events are associated with other symptoms such as identity disruption or intense loneliness, to a degree of significant distress outside of social norms [ 27 , 28 ]. Common comorbidities include anxiety disorders, substance abuse disorders, major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder [ 27 ].…”

Section: Grief and Partner Loss In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Interactions between theκopioid system, corticotropin-releasing hormone and oxytocin in partner loss

Bales

Rogers

2022

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Selective adult social attachments, or ‘pair bonds’, represent central relationships for individuals in a number of social species, including humans. Loss of a pair mate has emotional consequences that may or may not diminish over time, and that often translate into impaired psychological and physical health. In this paper, we review the literature on the neuroendocrine mechanisms for the emotional consequences of partner loss, with a special focus on hypothesized interactions between oxytocin, corticotropin-releasing hormone and the κ opioid system. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Interplays between oxytocin and other neuromodulators in shaping complex social behaviours’.

show abstract

Section: Grief and Partner Loss In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These events are associated with other symptoms such as identity disruption or intense loneliness, to a degree of significant distress outside of social norms [ 27 , 28 ]. Common comorbidities include anxiety disorders, substance abuse disorders, major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder [ 27 ].…”

Section: Grief and Partner Loss In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between theκopioid system, corticotropin-releasing hormone and oxytocin in partner loss

Bales

Rogers

2022

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In male prairie voles, long-term separation from female partners elicits anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors, disrupts bond-related behaviors, and alters neuropeptide systems that regulate such behaviors (Sun et al, 2014 ). In humans, the subsequent grief may have substantial impacts on health and survivorship (Kaprio et al, 1987 ; Chen et al, 1999 ; Szuhany et al, 2021 ). In contrast, the presence of a close social partner during or subsequent to a stressor provides important health benefits by attenuating the magnitude of the HPA-axis response, and boosting a faster recovery, a phenomenon known as social buffering (Smith et al, 1998 ; Kikusui et al, 2006 ; DeVries et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chronic and Acute Intranasal Oxytocin Treatments on Temporary Social Separation in Adult Titi Monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus)

Razo

Vázquez

Turcanu

et al. 2022

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In socially monogamous titi monkeys, involuntary separation from a pair mate can produce behavioral distress and increased cortisol production. The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) is thought to play an important role in the separation response of pair-bonded species. Previous studies from our lab have shown that chronic intranasal oxytocin (IN OXT) during development can have long-term effects on adult social behavior. In the current study, we examined the chronic and acute effects of IN OXT or Saline (SAL) on the subjects’ response to a brief separation from their pair mates. Subjects with a history of chronic IN OXT or SAL treatment during development received a single dose of OXT or SAL as adults 30 min before being separated from their pair mate. Chronic treatment consisted of a daily dose of IN OXT (0.8 IU/kg) or SAL (control) from 12 to 18 months of age. Subjects (N = 29) were introduced to a pair mate at 30 months of age. After the pairs had cohabitated for 5 months, pairs underwent two “Brief Separation” (OXT and SAL) and two “Non-Separation” (OXT and SAL) test sessions. Vocalizations and locomotion were measured as behavioral indices of agitation or distress during the Brief Separation and Non-Separation periods (30 min each). We collected blood samples after the Brief Separation and Non-Separation periods to measure cortisol levels. Our results showed subjects treated with chronic OXT had a reduction in long call and peep vocalizations compared to subjects treated with chronic SAL. Subjects treated with chronic SAL and acute OXT produced more peeps and long calls compared to animals treated with acute SAL; however, patterns in this response depended on sex. Cortisol and locomotion were significantly higher during the Brief Separation period compared to the Non-Separation period; however, we did not find any treatment or sex effects. We conclude that chronic IN OXT given during development blunts the separation response, while acute OXT in chronic SAL subjects had sexually dimorphic effects, which could reflect increased partner seeking behaviors in males and increased anxiety in females.

show abstract

“…Prolonged grief has been associated with increased risk for anxiety, major depressive disorder and suicidal ideation [ 10 ]. The DSM 5-TR and the 11th International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), classify PGD as its own nosological entity, although some research indicate that the ICD-11 criteria for a PGD diagnosis might be too lenient, but a good base for the detection of disturbed grief [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The APSY-SED study: protocol of an observational, longitudinal, mixed methods and multicenter study exploring the psychological adjustment of relatives and healthcare providers of patients with cancer with continuous deep sedation until death

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Since 2016, France is the only country in the World where continuous deep sedation until death (CDSUD) is regulated by law. CDSUD serves as a response to refractory suffering in palliative situations where the patients’ death is expected to occur in the following hours or days. Little is known on the psychological adjustment surrounding a CDSUD procedure for healthcare providers (HCPs) and relatives. Our study aims to gather qualitative and quantitative data on the specific processes behind the psychological adjustment of both relatives and HCPs, after the administration of CDSUD for patients with cancer. Methods The APSY-SED study is a prospective, longitudinal, mixed-methods and multicenter study. Recruitment will involve any French-speaking adult cancer patient for who a CDSUD is discussed, their relatives and HCPs. We plan to include 150 patients, 150 relatives, and 50 HCPs. The evaluation criteria of this research are: 1/ Primary criterion: Psychological adjustment of relatives and HCPs 6 and 13 months after the death of the patient with cancer (psychological adjustment = intensity of anxiety, depression and grief reactions, CDSUD-related distress, job satisfaction, Professional Stress and Professional experience). Secondary criteria: a)occurrence of wish for a CDSUD in patients in palliative phase; b)occurrence of wish for hastened death in patients in palliative phase; c)potential predictors of adjustment assessed after the discussion concerning CDSUD as an option and before the setting of the CDSUD; d) Thematic analysis and narrative account of meaning-making process concerning the grief experience. Discussion The APSY-SED study will be the first to investigate the psychological adjustment of HCPs and relatives in the context of a CDSUD procedure implemented according to French law. Gathering data on the grief process for relatives can help understand bereavement after CDSUD, and participate in the elaboration of specific tailored interventions to support HCPs and relatives. Empirical findings on CDSUD among patients with cancer in France could be compared with existing data in other countries and with results related to other medical fields where CDSUD is also conducted. Trial registration This protocol received the National Registration Number: ID-RCB2021-A03042-39 on 14/12/2021.

show abstract

Prolonged Grief Disorder: Course, Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment

Cited by 70 publications

References 113 publications

Interactions between theκopioid system, corticotropin-releasing hormone and oxytocin in partner loss

Interactions between theκopioid system, corticotropin-releasing hormone and oxytocin in partner loss

Effects of Chronic and Acute Intranasal Oxytocin Treatments on Temporary Social Separation in Adult Titi Monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus)

The APSY-SED study: protocol of an observational, longitudinal, mixed methods and multicenter study exploring the psychological adjustment of relatives and healthcare providers of patients with cancer with continuous deep sedation until death

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About