Prolonged Grief Disorder and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression among Bereaved Family Caregivers in the Context of Palliative Home Care

Sardella, Alberto; Musetti, Alessandro; Caponnetto, Pasquale; Quattropani, Maria C.; Lenzo, Vittorio

doi:10.3390/ejihpe13020037

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…25 The HADS was used for this study because it is relatively brief and has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure in other studies. [25][26][27][28][29][30] The Cronbach alpha for the anxiety and depression subscales in this sample were α = .63 and α = .49, respectively. The Cronbach alpha for the full 14-item measure is α = .66.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“… 25 A sample item for the anxiety subscale is “I feel tense or ‘wound up’” and, for the depression subscale, “I still enjoy the things I used to enjoy.” 25 The HADS was used for this study because it is relatively brief and has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure in other studies. 25 - 30 The Cronbach alpha for the anxiety and depression subscales in this sample were α = .63 and α = .49, respectively. The Cronbach alpha for the full 14-item measure is α = .66.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Lean/Sizzurp Ingredients, Use, and Coping With Mental Health Symptoms

Ware

2023

Subst�Abuse

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The substance combination of codeine and promethazine, commonly termed lean/ sizzurp, has been identified as a method that some individuals use to cope with PTSD and other mental health symptomology. A sample of 1423 adults with self-reported past year lean use was recruited from substance-related Reddit pages to complete a survey about lean, including information about using lean to cope with emotions, thoughts, or feelings. To be included in the sample, persons needed to: (1) be ⩾18 years old, (2) report past year lean use, (3) complete lean use screeners, and (4) pass data quality checks (eg, bot detection). As Reddit is an online forum, no geographic restrictions were placed on study participation. Data on demographic characteristics, lean use, and mental health disorder symptomology were captured from participants. Logistic regression models included anxiety, depression, and trauma as independent variables along with covariates to examine using lean to cope with emotions, thoughts, or feelings in the past 30 days. Most participants were male (n = 1102; 77.4%), with an average age of 26.9 (SD = 5.2) years. Most participants used included codeine as an ingredient in lean (n = 1060; 74.5%); promethazine was added as an ingredient by 31.7% of the sample (n = 451), and the combination of codeine and promethazine was included as ingredients by 13.5% (n = 192) of the sample. Participants with anxiety, lifetime trauma exposure, and who were female had increased odds of using lean to cope with emotions, thoughts, or feelings in the past 30 days. Those with depression and unstable housing exhibited decreased odds of using lean to cope with emotions, thoughts, or feelings in the past 30 days. This study recruited persons via social media to learn more about lean use, especially lean use to cope with mental health symptoms; future population-level studies are needed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Lean/Sizzurp Ingredients, Use, and Coping With Mental Health Symptoms

Ware

2023

Subst�Abuse

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“…Good levels of validity are also observed in the AUC result, which indicates an excellent level of agreement. [ 10 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burns Depression Scale Today (BDST): A validation study of BDST against the reference standard of PHQ-9

Matthew,

Dahle,

Roskvist

et al. 2023

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

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Background: Case finding for low mood is essential in primary care, but it is time-consuming using current depression inventories. The Burns Depression Scale Today (BDST) is a short, simple inventory which assesses mood for today, and we aimed to validate it in this study. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients with emotional distress seen in a single primary care clinic by one of the authors over 22 months were eligible for this retrospective audit (N = 160). Multiple visits (N = 421) from the same patient were included in the study. The index test was BDST, which assesses the patient’s mood for today. The reference standard was the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), which assesses mood over the past 2 weeks. PHQ-9 had a cut-off point of ≥10 and BDST had a cut-off point of ≥6 for a significant mood issue. Results: The median age of patients was 35 years, and 63% of the cohort were women. The median BDST score was 8, indicative of moderately low mood, and the median PHQ-9 score was 15, indicative of moderately severe depression. For patients with a BDST score ≥6, the likelihood ratio of a positive test was 2.67. The sensitivity was 85% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 89%–96%) and the specificity was 68% (95% CI: 60%–76%). The area under the curve was 84% (95% CI: 80%–87%). Conclusion: This audit validates BDST against PHQ-9 and finds it an excellent case-finding tool compared to PHQ-9. This is the first validation study of BDST.

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The protective role of positive mental health on prolonged grief disorder, anxiety and depression among bereaved refugees: cross-sectional mediation models

Dababneh,

Margraf,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Curr Psychol

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Grief is a common reaction to loss; however, its persistence is subject to specific mechanisms related to the context of death, comorbidities with other mental health disorders, and individual coping status. The current study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional link between refugees’ positive mental health (PMH) and reduced prolonged grief disorder (PGD) mediated by changes in anxiety and depression and, conversely, between PMH and reduced anxiety and depression symptoms mediated by changes in prolonged grief symptoms. The present cross-sectional study involved 385 bereaved adult Arabic-speaking refugees. Data were collected via an online survey. All participants experienced prolonged grief symptoms a minimum of 6 months from the death event. The parallel mediation model showed that PMH is indirectly linked to PGD, and the significant mediation of anxiety and depression could explain this relationship. Furthermore, two simple mediation models showed that PMH is indirectly linked to anxiety and depression, and the significant mediating effect of PGD could explain this relationship. The current results confirm the role of PMH as a predisposed coping status that could reduce the risk for PGD. Increasing the level of PMH can be considered a protective factor against challenging life events such as persistent grief and related disorders.

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Prolonged Grief Disorder and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression among Bereaved Family Caregivers in the Context of Palliative Home Care

Cited by 3 publications

References 43 publications

Lean/Sizzurp Ingredients, Use, and Coping With Mental Health Symptoms

Lean/Sizzurp Ingredients, Use, and Coping With Mental Health Symptoms

Burns Depression Scale Today (BDST): A validation study of BDST against the reference standard of PHQ-9

The protective role of positive mental health on prolonged grief disorder, anxiety and depression among bereaved refugees: cross-sectional mediation models

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