Prolonged grief disorder and depression are distinct for caregivers across their first bereavement year

Tsai, Wei‐I; Kuo, Su‐Ching; Wen, Fur‐Hsing; Prigerson, Holly G.; Tang, Siew Tzuh

doi:10.1002/pon.4629

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The case flow of participants from preloss to 24‐month postloss is shown in Figure . Detailed information has been reported for the numbers of participants who withdrew before and after their loved one's death and reasons for attrition. The numbers of bereaved caregivers who completed postloss surveys (completion rates) were 388 at 6 months (78%), 354 at 13 months (71%), 309 at 18 months (62%), and 292 at 24 months (58%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparison of CES‐D and PG‐13 scores on the four postloss surveys for caregivers who did and did not withdraw showed no significant differences, except that caregivers who withdrew had significantly more depressive symptoms 13‐month postloss than those who participated in the 18‐month postloss survey (data not shown). The 398 caregivers who participated in the postloss follow‐up surveys were on average 48.33 years old (range: 20‐83); most were female (64.1%), and 51.5% were the patient's spouse …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PGD and MDD are classified by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , version 5 and the International Classification of Diseases as two different types of mental disorders . Symptoms of PGD and MDD have been found largely by confirmatory factor analysis to be distinct constructs . To confirm whether these two conditions are the same or distinct constructs, one can also use incremental validity testing .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symptoms of prolonged grief and major depressive disorders: Distinctiveness and temporal relationship in the first 2 years of bereavement for family caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients

et al. 2020

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Objective: Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are common syndromes shaping bereaved caregivers' quality of life (QOL). However, distinctiveness of these syndromes warrants confirmation, and the temporal relationship of PGD and MDD symptoms has not been established. To fill these knowledge gaps, we conducted this longitudinal study. Methods: PGD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and psychological QOL were measured over 398 caregivers' first 2 years of bereavement using the Prolonged Grief-13 (PG-13) scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale, and Short Form-36 Health Survey mental health summary, respectively. To clarify the distinctiveness of PGD and MDD symptoms, we examined their associations with psychological QOL by incremental validity testing. Distinctiveness and temporal relationship of PGD and MDD symptoms were also examined using longitudinal, lower-level mediation analysis with a lagged approach.Results: After the variance in psychological QOL was explained by CES-D scores (pseudo-R 2 = 44.19%, P < .001), PG-13 scores significantly, incrementally increased the explained variance in psychological QOL (pseudo-R 2 = 0.21%, P < .001), confirming the distinctiveness of PGD and MDD symptoms. CES-D scores mediated 40.7% of the time vs PG-13 score relationship, whereas PG-13 scores mediated 78.2% of the time vs CES-D score relationship with a better model fit, indicating that PG-13 scores assessed earlier mediated caregivers' current depressive status rather than vice versa.Conclusions: PGD and MDD are distinct constructs, and PGD precedes onset of MDD. Clinicians should distinguish between these two disorders and address bereaved caregivers' PGD to reduce PGD-associated distress and morbidity and to prevent MDD onset, thereby improving their QOL.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symptoms of prolonged grief and major depressive disorders: Distinctiveness and temporal relationship in the first 2 years of bereavement for family caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients

et al. 2020

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“…The accumulated evidence supports that PGD is a qualitatively unique grief-related disorder distinct from bereavement-related depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) (Barnes, Dickstein, Maguen, Neria, & Litz, 2012;Boelen, van de Schoot, van den Hout, de Keijser, & van den Bout, 2010;Golden & Dalgleish, 2010;Spuij et al, 2012;Tsai, Kuo, Wen, Prigerson, & Tang, 2018), which provides convincing data for the establishment of the ICD-11 PGD criteria. Although the reported comorbidity is relatively high in PGD, PTSD or depression (Boelen, Lenferink, Nickerson, & Smid, 2018;He et al, 2014;McCarthy et al, 2010;Schaal, Dusingizemungu, Jacob, Neuner, & Elbert, 2012;Schaal, Richter, & Elbert, 2014), to the best of the authors' knowledge, no study has examined the comorbidity of PGD among Chinese Shidu parents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Prolonged grief disorder in Chinese Shidu parents who have lost their only child

Zhang

Shang²,

Wu³

et al. 2020

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: China has the largest population of '"loss-of-only-child' parents, that are also known as Shidu parents in Chinese society; however, little is known about their unresolved grief. Objective: This is the first study to examine the grief symptoms, prevalence, comorbidity and potential predictors of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) in such parents, taking into consideration that the new PGD diagnostic criteria ICD-11 will soon be implemented in China. Methods: 149 Shidu parents completed assessments of PGD (PG-13), PTSD (PCL-C), depression (CES-D) and general psychiatric morbidity (GHQ-12) via in-person interviews. Results: Of the 149 Shidu parents, 22.2% met the PGD criteria, with a mean of 7.59 years post-loss, and 62.4% experienced daily longing or yearning. Regression analysis indicated that fewer years since loss, subjective perception of poor economic situation, female gender and more hospital visits were prominent risk factors for the development of PGD. Older age of the parents at the time of child loss was also associated with PGD. Parents with PGD had higher comorbidity of PTSD or depression compared with those without PGD. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of PGD and a high rate of comorbidity between PGD and PTSD or depression in Shidu parents in China, which highlights the need of timely developing effective assessments and interventions to prevent PGD in this population, particularly in female, recently bereaved, low-income and aged parents who lost their only child.

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“…Centers developing bereavement programs may consider offering the Prolonged Grief Questionnaire (PG-13), which has predictive validity for clinical criteria of persistent complex bereavement disorder. 75…”

Section: Guidelines For Palliative Care In Cystic Fibrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Models of Palliative Care Delivery for Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Evidence-Informed Consensus Guidelines

Kavalieratos

Georgiopoulos

Dhingra

et al. 2021

Journal of Palliative Medicine

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) affects more than 70,000 individuals and their families worldwide. Although outcomes for individuals with CF continue to improve, it remains a life-limiting condition with no cure. Individuals with CF manage extensive symptom and treatment burdens and face complex medical decisions throughout the illness course. Although palliative care has been shown to reduce suffering by alleviating illness-related burdens for people with serious illness and their families, little is known regarding the components and structure of various delivery models of palliative care needed to improve outcomes for people affected by CF. The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) assembled an expert panel of clinicians, researchers, individuals with CF, and family caregivers, to develop consensus recommendations for models of best practices for palliative care in CF. Eleven statements were developed based on a systematic literature review and expert opinion, and address primary palliative care, specialty palliative care, and screening for palliative needs. These recommendations are intended to comprehensively address palliative care needs and improve quality of life for individuals with CF at all stages of illness and development, and their caregivers.

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Prolonged grief disorder and depression are distinct for caregivers across their first bereavement year

Cited by 30 publications

References 37 publications

Symptoms of prolonged grief and major depressive disorders: Distinctiveness and temporal relationship in the first 2 years of bereavement for family caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients

Symptoms of prolonged grief and major depressive disorders: Distinctiveness and temporal relationship in the first 2 years of bereavement for family caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients

Prolonged grief disorder in Chinese Shidu parents who have lost their only child

Models of Palliative Care Delivery for Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Evidence-Informed Consensus Guidelines

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