Prolonged Grief Disorder Among Refugees in Psychological Treatment—Association With Self-Efficacy and Emotion Regulation

Lacour, Oriane; Morina, Naser; Spaaij, Julia; Nickerson, Angela; Schnyder, Ulrich; Känel, Roland von; Bryant, Richard A.; Schick, Matthis

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00526

Cited by 17 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Additionally, higher rates of self-efficacy problems were associated with higher rates of substance abuse, higher rates of antisocial tendencies, and higher rates of emotional distress. This is in alignment with previous research showing associations between selfefficacy and substance abuse as well as emotional distress (Kadden & Litt, 2011;Lacour et al, 2020). Given the lack of research on self-efficacy from a correctional lens, the findings that it is associated with antisocial tendencies are rather novel.…”

Section: Study 3: Self-efficacysupporting

confidence: 86%

Examining the Contribution of Responsivity Factors to the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry

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The risk-need-responsivity model has been shown to be an effective method for reducing recidivism rates (Andrews & Bonta, 2010). While the risk and need principles have garnered much attention in previous research, responsivity factors are not as well understood, especially when considering specific responsivity factors. The current study examined the use of three specific responsivity factors-trauma, mental health, and selfefficacy in conjunction with the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry (DRAOR) in predicting recidivism and informing case planning and management. Archival data were used from the Iowa Department of Corrections database to create a sample of male justice-involved persons (N = 3,703) who had been assessed within the first year of their supervision start date. Linear regressions revealed relationships between all three responsivity factors and both total DRAOR scores and items of interest. Logistic regressions revealed relationships between all three responsivity factors and recidivism. However, only trauma and self-efficacy incrementally predicted recidivism when added to the DRAOR. The overall best model for predicting recidivism included total DRAOR scores, trauma, and self-efficacy. When considering all relationships examined, the current study demonstrates the usefulness of these three items in case management and planning as well as the importance of considering specific responsivity factors and attending to needs in order to assist justice-involved persons in achieving better outcomes.

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Section: Study 3: Self-efficacysupporting

confidence: 86%

Examining the Contribution of Responsivity Factors to the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry

Corno¹

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“…The DERS-16 is a 16-item version of the 36-item DERS [ 20 ], developed by Bjureberg et al [ 42 ] as a tool to assess different dimensions of emotion regulation difficulties, including nonacceptance of negative emotions and inability to engage in goal-directed behaviors when distressed. Respondents rate the extent to which each item applies to them on 5-point scales, ranging from 1 = almost never to 5 = almost always.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence shows that self-efficacy promotes adjustment to trauma and longitudinally predicts lower PTSD symptoms, possibly by fostering engagement in constructive coping efforts [ 17 , 18 ]. It has also been found to be related to depression following stressful life events [ 19 ] and grief after bereavement [ 20 ]. Emotion regulation refers to efforts to affect the likelihood, intensity or duration of an emotion [ 21 ]; difficulties in emotion regulation include difficulties in identifying, understanding, and accepting negative emotions, access to regulation strategies, and abilities to pursue goal-directed behaviour and inhibit behavioural impulse when experiencing such emotions [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has established the linkage between such difficulties and PTSD, across different traumatized samples [ 23 ]. In addition, there is preliminary evidence that difficulties in emotion regulation are positively associated with grief [ 20 ]. Trauma rumination concerns abstract repetitive negative thinking about the traumatic event and its sequelae; it has been found to be longitudinally associated with symptoms of PTSD and depression following traffic accidents [ 1 , 2 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traumatic stress, depression, and non-bereavement grief following non-fatal traffic accidents: Symptom patterns and correlates

et al. 2022

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Non-fatal traffic accidents may give rise to mental health problems, including posttraumatic stress (PTS) and depression. Clinical evidence suggests that victims may also experience grief reactions associated with the sudden changes and losses caused by such accidents. The aim of this study was to examine whether there are unique patterns of symptoms of PTS, depression, and grief among victims of non-fatal traffic accidents. We also investigated associations of emerging symptom patterns with sociodemographic variables and characteristics of the accident, and with transdiagnostic variables, including self-efficacy, difficulties in emotion regulation, and trauma rumination. Participants (N = 328, Mage = 32.6, SDage = 17.5 years, 66% female) completed self-report measures tapping the study variables. Using latent class analysis (including symptoms of PTS, depression, and grief), three classes were identified: a no symptoms class (Class 1; 59.1%), a moderate PTS and grief class (Class 2; 23.1%), and a severe symptoms class (Class 3; 17.7%). Summed symptom scores and functional impairment were lowest in Class 1, higher in Class 2, and highest in Class 3. Psychological variables were similarly ordered with the healthiest scores in Class 1, poorer scores in Class 2, and the worst scores in Class 3. Different sociodemographic and accident related variables differentiated between classes, including age, education, and time since the accident. In a regression including all significant univariate predictors, trauma rumination differentiated Class 2 from Class 1, all three psychological variables differentiated Class 3 from Class 1, and difficulties with emotion regulation and trauma rumination differentiated Class 3 from Class 2. This study demonstrates that most people respond resiliently to non-fatal traffic accident. Yet, approximately one in three victims experiences moderate to severe mental health symptoms. Increasing PTS coincided with similarly increasing grief, indicating that grief may be considered in interventions for victims of traffic accidents. Trauma rumination strongly predicted class membership and appears a critical treatment target to alleviate distress.

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“…As one of the most widely applied health behaviour theories, the theory has provided a framework for various contexts, including managing chronic diseases, psychological disorders and community health promotion programmes 21. The theory has also been used to inform a behavioural intervention for reducing incidence of preterm birth among a minority population22 and determine the relationships between self-efficacy, one of the key constructs of the theory and psychological distress and subjective well-being among refugee populations 23–25. In this study, the key constructs of the theory inform the study design and data analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative research on maternal care access among Arabic-speaking refugee women in the USA: study protocol

et al. 2022

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BackgroundRefugees tend to have greater health needs and pre-existing medical conditions due to poor living conditions, lack of health services, exposure to a variety of risk factors, and a high level of stress and trauma prior to entry to a host country. Notwithstanding distinctive needs and inherent conditions, there is a paucity of literature on refugee maternal health, especially for Arabic-speaking refugee women resettled in the USA.Methods and analysisThe paper delineates a qualitative study protocol to explore the experiences of Arabic-speaking refugee women in the USA when accessing maternal care. Informed by social cognitive theory, the study will employ two qualitative research methods; in-depth interviews and ‘go-along’ interviews with Arabic-speaking refugee women. Go-along interview will be used to elicit spatial experiences in situ to explore perceptions of environments among study participants and environmental and structural barriers. 20 refugee women who meet the inclusion criteria will be recruited through snowball sampling with support from community partners. Two researchers will code the transcription and fieldnotes using MAXQDA 2020 (VERBI Software, 2019). The analysis will involve deductive content analysis using a structured categorisation matrix based on the theory while also incorporating inductive codes that may emerge through the process.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been reviewed and approved by the Human Subjects Protection Programme at the University of Arizona (IRB 2104716241). The study results will be condensed in a summary report, which will be shared with community partners, including refugee resettlement agencies and relevant staff at the state department. Also, community feedback will be garnered from the dissemination workshops to inform community discussions for actions and an intervention to address the identified needs.

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Prolonged Grief Disorder Among Refugees in Psychological Treatment—Association With Self-Efficacy and Emotion Regulation

Cited by 17 publications

References 81 publications

Examining the Contribution of Responsivity Factors to the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry

Examining the Contribution of Responsivity Factors to the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry

Traumatic stress, depression, and non-bereavement grief following non-fatal traffic accidents: Symptom patterns and correlates

Qualitative research on maternal care access among Arabic-speaking refugee women in the USA: study protocol

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