Prolonged Foot-Shock Induced Analgesia: Glucocorticoids and Non-Pituitary Opioids Are Involved

Lim, Alan T.; Oei, Tian P. S.; Funder, John W.

doi:10.1159/000123514

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…It is generally agreed that the anterior pituitary is the main source of peripheral {3-EP I -31 (Guillemin et al 1977;Smyth and Zakarian 1980), but to what degree peripheral {3-EP I -31 modulates pain perception (Melzack and Wall 1965), or under what conditions the anterior pituitary contributes to concentrations in the brain (Bergland and Page 1979), or cerebrospinal fluid after electro-acupuncture (Sjolund et al 1977;Clement-Jones et al 1980), is still controversial (Rossier et al 1977;Lim et al 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the much studied footshock-induced analgesia, a role for glucocorticoids in mediating this phenomenon has been found (MacLennan et al 1982;Lim et al 1983), in that analgesia is restored in adrenalectomized rats by corticosterone or dexamethasone. In the present studies there was a marked increase in the physiologically active plasma 'free' cortisol that was highly correlated with total assayable cortisol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress-induced Changes in Plasma Concentrations of Immunoreactive ß-Endorphin and Cortisol in Response to Routine Surgical Procedures in Lambs

Shutt¹,

Fell²,

Connell³

et al. 1987

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Following four different surgical procedures in lambs 3-5 weeks old, plasma immunoreactive {3- endorphin ({3-EP) and cortisol were assayed at 15 min and 24 h as determinants of post-operative stress. A threefold increase in mean plasma {3-EP levels occurred 15 min after tail docking, and a maximal eight- to tenfold increase occurred in response to castration and/or mulesing with tail docking. Significant increments in mean plasma cortisol levels followed these surgical procedures with the maximal response 15 min after mulesing plus castration with tail docking. The physiologically active 'free' cortisol in plasma represents about 25% of the cortisol, as measured, and the two are highly correlated. At 24 h, {3-EP levels in all. treated groups were similar to controls, although a small elevation in cortisol levels was still present in the lambs subjected to mulesing. Ultrafiltration of plasma extracts showed that peak {3-EP levels contained about 40% immunoreactivity from low molecular weight species (mol. wt the most potent analgesic endorphin, 10% {3-EP l- 27 , and 15% a-N-acetyl-{3-EP. Increased {3-EPI-31 levels may modulate post-operative pain in lambs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-induced Changes in Plasma Concentrations of Immunoreactive ß-Endorphin and Cortisol in Response to Routine Surgical Procedures in Lambs

Shutt¹,

Fell²,

Connell³

et al. 1987

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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show abstract

“…That stress hormones have such an effect is indicated by the occurrence of stress-induced analgesia, in which stress both blunts affective reactions to pain and raises pain thresholds (Horvath & Kekesi, 2006; Sapolsky, 1992)—effects which have been shown to involve activation of somatosensory cortices, as well as AIC and ACC (Yilmaz et al, 2010). 25 Glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol, corticosterone) are known to have both analgesic effects (e.g., Hargreaves, Mueller, Dubner, Goldstein, & Dionne, 1987; Lim, Oei, & Funder, 1983) and a variety of other effects on motivated behaviors such as eating and drinking (e.g., Erickson, Drevets, & Schulkin, 2003; la Fleur, 2006)—with both low and high levels associated with reduced hunger (e.g., Dallman et al, 1993; Leibowitz, 1995).…”

Section: Evidence Implicating Somatic Signals and Interoceptive Dysfu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interoceptive dysfunction: Toward an integrated framework for understanding somatic and affective disturbance in depression.

Harshaw

2015

Psychological Bulletin

213

147

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Depression is characterized by disturbed sleep and eating, a variety of other, nonspecific somatic symptoms, and significant somatic comorbidities. Why there is such close association between cognitive and somatic dysfunction in depression is nonetheless poorly understood. An explosion of research in the area of interoception—the perception and interpretation of bodily signals—over the last decade nonetheless holds promise for illuminating what have until now been obscure links between the social, cognitive-affective, and somatic features of depression. This paper reviews rapidly accumulating evidence that both somatic signaling and interoception are frequently altered in depression. This includes comparative studies showing vagus-mediated effects on depression-like behaviors in rodent models as well as studies in humans indicating both dysfunction in the neural substrates for interoception (e.g., vagus, insula, anterior cingulate cortex) and reduced sensitivity to bodily stimuli in depression. An integrative framework for organizing and interpreting this evidence is put forward which incorporates (a) multiple potential pathways to interoceptive dysfunction; (b) interaction with individual, gender, and cultural differences in interoception; and (c) a developmental psychobiological systems perspective, emphasizing likely differential susceptibility to somatic and interoceptive dysfunction across the lifespan. Combined with current theory and evidence, it is suggested that core symptoms of depression (e.g., anhedonia, social deficits) may be products of disturbed interoceptive-exteroceptive integration. More research is nonetheless needed to fully elucidate the relationship between mind, body, and social context in depression.

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“…The effect of ADX is a long-lasting phenomenon persisting for a period as long as 7 or even 14 days. A similar long-term effect was obser ved also for stress-induced analgesia (15,20,21]. MacLennan et al [21] suggested that corticosterone is of critical im portance in the development of the long-term opioid form of stress-induced analgesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Long-Lasting Glucocorticoid Suppression of Opioid-Induced Antinociception

Ratka

Sutanto

Kloet³

1988

Neuroendocrinology

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The antinociceptive effect of morphine (5 mg/kg body weight i.p.) in rats subjected to various experimental manipulations of the pituitary-adrenocortical system was studied. The absence of adrenal steroids increased the sensitivity to morphine. The following findings suggest that glucocorticosteroids have a long-lasting influence on opioid-induced antinociception, even when the steroids have been removed by adrenalectomy. First, when rats were adrenalectomized in the morning under basal conditions of pituitary-adrenocortical activity (plasma corticosterone level < 1 µg%), the subsequent hypersensitivity to morphine was more pronounced than when rats were adrenalectomized in the evening (plasma corticosterone level 18.4 µg%). This difference in hypersensitivity to morphine-induced antinociception following adrenalectomy either in the morning or in the evening persisted for at least 2 weeks. Second, exposure to a novel environment (stress of a new cage) or administration of corticosterone (10 mg/kg body weight s.c.) prior to morning adrenalectomy decreased the sensitivity to morphine measured 1 week later. Third, RU 38486, a glucocorticoid antagonist, injected in the lateral cerebral ventricle prior to the evening adrenalectomy increased subsequent morphine antinociception. In attempts to understand the long-term effect on morphine antinociception, the opioid receptor sites were quantified by an in vivo procedure. Quantitative autoradiography of binding sites labeled after intravenous administration of a tracer dose of [³H]-diprenorphine showed a decrease in retention of the labeled opioid in cortical and midbrain regions of rats adrenalectomized in the evening when compared with rats operated in the morning. In conclusion, the data suggest that a neuroen-docrine state invoked by the actual plasma corticosterone level at the time of adrenalectomy has a long-lasting influence on the degree of post-adrenalectomy opioid-induced antinociception. These long-term alterations of opioid responsiveness are reflected in altered binding to the opioid receptor system in the brain.

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Prolonged Foot-Shock Induced Analgesia: Glucocorticoids and Non-Pituitary Opioids Are Involved

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Stress-induced Changes in Plasma Concentrations of Immunoreactive ß-Endorphin and Cortisol in Response to Routine Surgical Procedures in Lambs

Stress-induced Changes in Plasma Concentrations of Immunoreactive ß-Endorphin and Cortisol in Response to Routine Surgical Procedures in Lambs

Interoceptive dysfunction: Toward an integrated framework for understanding somatic and affective disturbance in depression.

Long-Lasting Glucocorticoid Suppression of Opioid-Induced Antinociception

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