Prolonged drought regulates the silage quality of maize (Zea mays L.): Alterations in fermentation microecology

Zi, Xuejing; Wang, Wan; Zhou, Shiyong; Zhu, Feng; Rao, Dongyun; Shen, Ping; Fang, Siyang; Wu, Bowen

doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.1075407

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This finding agrees with that of Koua et al (2021) on the reduction of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by drought stress following one generation of exposure. However, whereas Zi et al (2022) found no significant difference in NDF levels between groups in maize due to somatic memory, we found higher NDF levels in wheat seeds due to transgenerational and intergenerational memories.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational and transgenerational effects of drought stress on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Kambona¹,

Koua²,

Léon

et al. 2023

Physiologia Plantarum

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The environments where the progenitors are grown have the potential to affect the expression of traits in their offspring. Currently, there are various hypotheses regarding the evolutionary and ecological importance of stress memory effects. There is uncertainty regarding its occurrence, persistence, predictability, and adaptive value. In this study, 15 winter wheat cultivars were grown under drought and well‐watered (control) treatments for two seasons to produce seeds with all possible combinations of drought exposure histories. A comprehensive analysis to estimate transgenerational (grandparental effects), intergenerational (parental effects), and their combined memory effects on offspring traits under both control and drought moisture treatments, was performed. There were significant memory effects in most of the evaluated traits ranging from +787% to −39.0% changes in both seed quality and plant traits. The expression of stress memory was highly dependent on the generation and number of exposures, traits, and seasons. Under drought treatment, the combination of grandparental and parental stress memories was additive in all traits, but their strengths were variable when considered separately. Stress memory enhanced the performance of offspring under similar stressful conditions: increased plant height, above‐ground biomass, number of grains per plant, grain weight per plant and water potential. This study offers valuable new insights into the occurrence of drought stress memory, the complexities of the effects, possible physiological and metabolic alterations explaining the detected differences, and impacts toward a clearer understanding of their generation and context‐dependency.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational and transgenerational effects of drought stress on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Kambona¹,

Koua²,

Léon

et al. 2023

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…The exogenous fibrotic enzyme treatment groups significantly reduced the pH of the silage and increased the content of lactic acid, acetic acid, and LAB. This may be due to the fact that both cellulase and xylanase treatments reduced the cellulose and hemicellulose content in the oat cell wall of the silage, providing sufficient fermentation substrates for LAB [ 28 ]. Different silage times did not affect the butyric acid content in silage, but exogenous fibrotic enzyme treatment reduced the generation of butyric acid content, which may be due to the inhibition of Clostridium butyricum growth by other dominant microorganisms with higher abundance [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Dynamic Fermentation of Oat Silage Assisted by Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes

Liu,

Du,

Sun

et al. 2023

Plants

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Based on the low content of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) attachment in oat raw materials, we assumed that the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of oat can be reduced by adding cellulase or xylanase. The concentration of metabolizable sugars will be increased, which will assist the oat’s bacterial community in fermentation and obtain a better quality of oat silage. After wilting the oat, it was treated as follows: (1) distributed water (CK); (2) silages inoculated with xylanase (X); and (3) silages inoculated with cellulase (C), ensiling for 3, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days. Cellulase and xylanase treatments both alter the fermentation and nutritional quality of ensiled oat, resulting in lower NDF, acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose, and hemicellulose contents, increased lactic acid and acetic acid contents, and a significant decrease in ensiling environment pH. The bacterial community undergoes significant changes with cellulase and xylanase treatments, with a significant increase in Lactobacillus abundance in the C_14, X_30, C_30, X_60, and C_60 treatment groups, while Weissella abundance gradually decreases with longer ensiling times. Two exogenous fibrolytic enzymes also alter the bacterial diversity of ensiled oat, with different bacterial species and abundances observed in different treatment groups. Ensiled oat treated with cellulase and xylanase experiences significant changes in its own bacterial community, particularly in the abundance of Lactobacillus. These changes result in improved fermentation and nutritional quality of oat, but the higher metabolism levels observed after 60 days of ensiling with cellulase treatment may lead to energy loss.

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“…However, cellulase treatment did not increase the WSC content, which may be due to the fact that the pH in silage did not drop below 4.2, causing other harmful microorganisms to continue using sugar [14]. The ether extract significantly increased in the late stage of silage, which is due to fermentation that can be attributed to the breakdown of the cell walls of the forage material and the release of lipids from intracellular organelles and membranes; the microbes involved in the fermentation process also contribute to this increase as they help to break down the plant material and release more lipids [31].…”

Section: Materials Characteristics and Silage Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cellulase and Xylanase Addition on Fermentation Quality, Aerobic Stability, and Bacteria Composition of Low Water-Soluble Carbohydrates Oat Silage

Liu

Sun

et al. 2023

Fermentation

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Most oat forage has low water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), which may be the main limited factor for silage fermentation safely, but oat is rich in cellulose and hemicellulose; therefore, we assume that xylanase and cellulase as additives can reduce the content of cellulose and xylan in oat silage, increase the microbial fermentable sugar content, and improve the fermentation quality of the silage. After wilting, oats were treated as follows: (i) distributed water (CK); (ii) silages inoculated with xylanase (X); (iii) silages inoculated with cellulase (C), ensiling for 3 days (early stage of silage) and 60 days (late stage of silage), respectively, after ensiling 60 days for a 5-day aerobic exposure study. The pH, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were significantly reduced by xylanase and cellulase treatment during the late stage of silage, and the concentration of lactic acid, acetic acid, and ammonia nitrogen increased remarkably. The WSC content reached its peak with xylanase treatment during the late stage of silage. The content of crude protein (CP) was not affected by additives but by the silage period; CP and ether extract (EE) significantly increased during the late stage of silage compared to the early stage. After ensiling, the bacterial community showed that xylanase and cellulase treatment increased the relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria. Lactobacillus has a higher relative abundance with cellulase treatment after 60 days of ensiling; this can effectively reduce the pH of silage and ensure long-term, stable storage of silage. Cellulase and xylanase increased bacterial diversity during aerobic exposure and improved the aerobic stability of silage significantly. This study indicated that different additives and silage periods had significant effects on chemical compositions, fermentation quality, and bacterial community; meanwhile, both additives improved the aerobic stability of silage. In summary, when the WSC of oat is low, cellulase and xylanase have good effects as silage additives, and the comprehensive effect of cellulase is more prominent.

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Prolonged drought regulates the silage quality of maize (Zea mays L.): Alterations in fermentation microecology

Cited by 5 publications

References 49 publications

Intergenerational and transgenerational effects of drought stress on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Intergenerational and transgenerational effects of drought stress on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Study on Dynamic Fermentation of Oat Silage Assisted by Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes

Effects of Cellulase and Xylanase Addition on Fermentation Quality, Aerobic Stability, and Bacteria Composition of Low Water-Soluble Carbohydrates Oat Silage

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